Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal
Ano de defesa: | 2015 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal
|
Departamento: |
Bioquímica
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17553 |
Resumo: | The communication process has a fundamental role in the life history of organisms, as it assumes a coevolutionary interaction between sender and receiver. The acoustic communication has a key role in the life history of anurans, as it is used to mediate social interactions, influences the risk of predation and parasitism and is directly linked to reproduction and reproductive success. However, species that inhabit acoustically complex environments, such as streams, face an ecological problem inherent of this type of habitat that affects acoustic communication: the noise produced by stream torrents. Remarkably, the visual communication has convergently evolved in several families of diurnal stream frogs and, in addition, some of these species are known to also use visual and acoustic signals associated within multimodal displays. I investigated the geographic distribution, natural history, ecology and behavior of the diurnal stream frog Crossodactylus schmidti (Hylodidae) in southern Brazil, addressing questions relative to the reproductive activity and communication through in situ observations and experiments and through the analysis of collected specimens. Regarding the reproductive activity, I evaluated the temporal patterns of male calling activity and the effect of environmental factors on daily/monthly activity, the temporal patterns of sexual maturity, the "size x fecundity" relationships and the reproductive investment of males and females. Regarding communication, I investigated the selective pressures that influence the structure of signals (adaptations) and the use of strategies in communication (plasticity), described the acoustic, visual and multimodal repertoire, the microhabitat used to emission of visual/multimodal displays, and investigated relations between "acoustic signal x ambient noise" and the interaction between parasitic flies and calling male frogs. Communication in C. schmidti is complex and involves a wide repertoire of acoustic, visual and multimodal signals. Males have continuous calling activity throughout the year, with varying effects of environmental factors: the accumulated precipitation and air temperature affected the monthly calling activity, while the light intensity and air temperature affected the daily activity. The pattern of reproductive activity of C. schmidti in southern Brazil fits into the continuous type, with the presence of sexually mature individuals of both sexes throughout the year, which suggests strong intrasexual competition and that the species’ mating system is a "resource defense polygyny". Some of the notes that compose the species multi-note advertisement call showed negative signal-to-noise ratio for calls of all analyzed males. Given the masking effect of the ambient noise on the acoustic signal transmission, C. schmidti presents acoustic adaptations (e.g., multi-note call, visual communication), and plasticity in acoustic traits (e.g., dominant frequency modulation) related to sudden/temporary changes in ambient noise. Flies of the genera Corethrella were indeed attracted to frog calls, while Forcipomyia and Uranotaenia flies were not; this pattern was reinforced by the lack of difference in the treatment with a white noise and adjacent silent traps. However, the pattern of abundance of Corethrella is much lower when compared to tropical areas. Studying a singular species as C. schmidti provides a valuable opportunity to understand the evolution of temporal strategies of reproduction, adaptations and behavioral plasticity related to the communication of diurnal stream frogs. |
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2019-07-24T21:23:19Z2019-07-24T21:23:19Z2015-02-26http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17553The communication process has a fundamental role in the life history of organisms, as it assumes a coevolutionary interaction between sender and receiver. The acoustic communication has a key role in the life history of anurans, as it is used to mediate social interactions, influences the risk of predation and parasitism and is directly linked to reproduction and reproductive success. However, species that inhabit acoustically complex environments, such as streams, face an ecological problem inherent of this type of habitat that affects acoustic communication: the noise produced by stream torrents. Remarkably, the visual communication has convergently evolved in several families of diurnal stream frogs and, in addition, some of these species are known to also use visual and acoustic signals associated within multimodal displays. I investigated the geographic distribution, natural history, ecology and behavior of the diurnal stream frog Crossodactylus schmidti (Hylodidae) in southern Brazil, addressing questions relative to the reproductive activity and communication through in situ observations and experiments and through the analysis of collected specimens. Regarding the reproductive activity, I evaluated the temporal patterns of male calling activity and the effect of environmental factors on daily/monthly activity, the temporal patterns of sexual maturity, the "size x fecundity" relationships and the reproductive investment of males and females. Regarding communication, I investigated the selective pressures that influence the structure of signals (adaptations) and the use of strategies in communication (plasticity), described the acoustic, visual and multimodal repertoire, the microhabitat used to emission of visual/multimodal displays, and investigated relations between "acoustic signal x ambient noise" and the interaction between parasitic flies and calling male frogs. Communication in C. schmidti is complex and involves a wide repertoire of acoustic, visual and multimodal signals. Males have continuous calling activity throughout the year, with varying effects of environmental factors: the accumulated precipitation and air temperature affected the monthly calling activity, while the light intensity and air temperature affected the daily activity. The pattern of reproductive activity of C. schmidti in southern Brazil fits into the continuous type, with the presence of sexually mature individuals of both sexes throughout the year, which suggests strong intrasexual competition and that the species’ mating system is a "resource defense polygyny". Some of the notes that compose the species multi-note advertisement call showed negative signal-to-noise ratio for calls of all analyzed males. Given the masking effect of the ambient noise on the acoustic signal transmission, C. schmidti presents acoustic adaptations (e.g., multi-note call, visual communication), and plasticity in acoustic traits (e.g., dominant frequency modulation) related to sudden/temporary changes in ambient noise. Flies of the genera Corethrella were indeed attracted to frog calls, while Forcipomyia and Uranotaenia flies were not; this pattern was reinforced by the lack of difference in the treatment with a white noise and adjacent silent traps. However, the pattern of abundance of Corethrella is much lower when compared to tropical areas. Studying a singular species as C. schmidti provides a valuable opportunity to understand the evolution of temporal strategies of reproduction, adaptations and behavioral plasticity related to the communication of diurnal stream frogs.O processo de comunicação possui papel crucial na história de vida dos organismos, pois assume uma interação coevolutiva entre emissor e receptor. A comunicação acústica é um aspecto fundamental da história de vida dos anuros, visto que é utilizada para mediar interações sociais, influencia nos riscos de predação e parasitismo e está diretamente ligada a reprodução e sucesso reprodutivo. Entretanto, espécies que habitam ambientes acusticamente complexos, como riachos, enfrentam um problema ecológico inerente desse tipo de hábitat, que interfere na comunicação acústica: o ruído das corredeiras. Notavelmente, a comunicação visual evoluiu de modo convergente em diversas famílias de anuros diurnos de riacho e, além disso, algumas dessas espécies também utilizam sinais visuais e acústicos associados em displays multimodais. Eu investiguei a distribuição geográfica, história natural, ecologia e comportamento da rã diurna de riacho Crossodactylus schmidti (Hylodidae) no sul do Brasil, abordando questões relativas à atividade reprodutiva e comunicação através de observações e experimentos in situ e por meio da análise de indivíduos coletados. Acerca da atividade reprodutiva, avaliei os padrões temporais da atividade de canto dos machos e o efeito das variáveis ambientais sobre a atividade diária/mensal, os padrões temporais de maturação sexual, as relações “tamanho x fecundidade” e o investimento reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas. Acerca da comunicação, investiguei as pressões seletivas que influenciam na estrutura dos sinais (adaptações) e no uso de estratégias na comunicação (plasticidade), descrevi o repertório acústico, visual e multimodal, o uso do microhábitat para emissão dos sinais visuais/multimodais, e avaliei relações “sinal acústico x ruído ambiente” e a interação entre mosquitos parasitas e machos de anuros. A comunicação em C. schmidti é complexa e envolve um amplo repertório de sinais acústicos, visuais e multimodais. Machos possuem atividade de canto contínua ao longo do ano, com efeitos variáveis dos fatores ambientais: a chuva acumulada e a temperatura do ar afetaram a atividade mensal de canto, enquanto a intensidade luminosa e a temperatura do ar afetaram a atividade diária. O padrão de atividade reprodutiva de C. schmidti no sul do Brasil é do tipo contínuo, com a presença de indivíduos sexualmente maduros de ambos os sexos ao longo do ano, o que sugere forte competição intrasexual e que o sistema de acasalamento é do tipo “poliginia por defesa de recursos”. Parte das notas que compõe o canto trinado apresentou razão sinal-ruído negativa nos cantos de todos os machos analisados. Diante do efeito do mascaramento do ruído ambiente sobre a transmissão do sinal acústico, C. schmidti apresenta adaptações (e.g., canto trinado, comunicação visual), bem como plasticidade em traços acústicos (e.g., modulação de frequência dominante) relacionada às mudanças súbitas/temporárias no ruído ambiente. Os mosquitos do gênero Corethrella foram de fato atraídos por cantos de anuros, enquanto mosquitos dos gêneros Forcipomyia e Uranotaenia não; este padrão foi reforçado pela ausência de diferença no tratamento com um ruído branco e armadilhas silenciosas adjacentes. Contudo, o padrão de abundância de Corethrella é baixo em relação a áreas tropicais. Estudar uma espécie singular como C. schmidti fornece uma valiosa oportunidade para o entendimento da evolução de estratégias temporais de reprodução e de adaptações e estratégias de comunicação em anuros diurnos de riachos.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade AnimalUFSMBrasilBioquímicaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSinaisAmbiente de sinalizaçãoAtividade de cantoFatores ambientaisRazão sinal-ruídoAdaptação acústicaPlasticidade acústicaReproduçãoReceptores ilegítimosSignalsSignaling environmentCalling activityEnvironmental factorsSignal-to-noise ratioAcoustic adaptationAcoustic plasticityReproductionEavesdroppersCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICAEcologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodalBehavioral ecology of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): reproductive activity, acoustic, visual and multimodal communicationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisCechin, Sonia Zaninihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9682463613649812Prado, Cynthia Peralta de Almeidahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0478918770549605Santos, Sandrohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2397252405405950Oliveira, Selvino Neckel dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1315649023145433Both, Camila Chiamentihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4049392530543988http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542678461496491Caldart, Vinícius Matheus200800000002600500f5b02467-f097-4a9b-a65c-a86380896eab2a135e8b-8bff-4032-99f2-3c268610a8777121c6a6-6a85-4d52-b363-d7947ca500fd503c3bcc-6502-433c-a144-0f5ea45e5598fdd334f8-be43-4792-bcd2-8519087a01a3a7a468f0-67d1-46fb-a68b-55335f2b8218reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALTES_PPGBA_2015_CALDART_VINICIUS.pdfTES_PPGBA_2015_CALDART_VINICIUS.pdfTese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf8236458http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/17553/1/TES_PPGBA_2015_CALDART_VINICIUS.pdf90a829eec9f8c9697f2127602c5c44a5MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Behavioral ecology of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): reproductive activity, acoustic, visual and multimodal communication |
title |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
spellingShingle |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal Caldart, Vinícius Matheus Sinais Ambiente de sinalização Atividade de canto Fatores ambientais Razão sinal-ruído Adaptação acústica Plasticidade acústica Reprodução Receptores ilegítimos Signals Signaling environment Calling activity Environmental factors Signal-to-noise ratio Acoustic adaptation Acoustic plasticity Reproduction Eavesdroppers CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
title_short |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
title_full |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
title_fullStr |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
title_sort |
Ecologia comportamental de Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylodidae): atividade reprodutiva, comunicação acústica, visual e multimodal |
author |
Caldart, Vinícius Matheus |
author_facet |
Caldart, Vinícius Matheus |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Cechin, Sonia Zanini |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9682463613649812 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Prado, Cynthia Peralta de Almeida |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0478918770549605 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Sandro |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2397252405405950 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Selvino Neckel de |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1315649023145433 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Both, Camila Chiamenti |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4049392530543988 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542678461496491 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Caldart, Vinícius Matheus |
contributor_str_mv |
Cechin, Sonia Zanini Prado, Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Santos, Sandro Oliveira, Selvino Neckel de Both, Camila Chiamenti |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sinais Ambiente de sinalização Atividade de canto Fatores ambientais Razão sinal-ruído Adaptação acústica Plasticidade acústica Reprodução Receptores ilegítimos |
topic |
Sinais Ambiente de sinalização Atividade de canto Fatores ambientais Razão sinal-ruído Adaptação acústica Plasticidade acústica Reprodução Receptores ilegítimos Signals Signaling environment Calling activity Environmental factors Signal-to-noise ratio Acoustic adaptation Acoustic plasticity Reproduction Eavesdroppers CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Signals Signaling environment Calling activity Environmental factors Signal-to-noise ratio Acoustic adaptation Acoustic plasticity Reproduction Eavesdroppers |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
description |
The communication process has a fundamental role in the life history of organisms, as it assumes a coevolutionary interaction between sender and receiver. The acoustic communication has a key role in the life history of anurans, as it is used to mediate social interactions, influences the risk of predation and parasitism and is directly linked to reproduction and reproductive success. However, species that inhabit acoustically complex environments, such as streams, face an ecological problem inherent of this type of habitat that affects acoustic communication: the noise produced by stream torrents. Remarkably, the visual communication has convergently evolved in several families of diurnal stream frogs and, in addition, some of these species are known to also use visual and acoustic signals associated within multimodal displays. I investigated the geographic distribution, natural history, ecology and behavior of the diurnal stream frog Crossodactylus schmidti (Hylodidae) in southern Brazil, addressing questions relative to the reproductive activity and communication through in situ observations and experiments and through the analysis of collected specimens. Regarding the reproductive activity, I evaluated the temporal patterns of male calling activity and the effect of environmental factors on daily/monthly activity, the temporal patterns of sexual maturity, the "size x fecundity" relationships and the reproductive investment of males and females. Regarding communication, I investigated the selective pressures that influence the structure of signals (adaptations) and the use of strategies in communication (plasticity), described the acoustic, visual and multimodal repertoire, the microhabitat used to emission of visual/multimodal displays, and investigated relations between "acoustic signal x ambient noise" and the interaction between parasitic flies and calling male frogs. Communication in C. schmidti is complex and involves a wide repertoire of acoustic, visual and multimodal signals. Males have continuous calling activity throughout the year, with varying effects of environmental factors: the accumulated precipitation and air temperature affected the monthly calling activity, while the light intensity and air temperature affected the daily activity. The pattern of reproductive activity of C. schmidti in southern Brazil fits into the continuous type, with the presence of sexually mature individuals of both sexes throughout the year, which suggests strong intrasexual competition and that the species’ mating system is a "resource defense polygyny". Some of the notes that compose the species multi-note advertisement call showed negative signal-to-noise ratio for calls of all analyzed males. Given the masking effect of the ambient noise on the acoustic signal transmission, C. schmidti presents acoustic adaptations (e.g., multi-note call, visual communication), and plasticity in acoustic traits (e.g., dominant frequency modulation) related to sudden/temporary changes in ambient noise. Flies of the genera Corethrella were indeed attracted to frog calls, while Forcipomyia and Uranotaenia flies were not; this pattern was reinforced by the lack of difference in the treatment with a white noise and adjacent silent traps. However, the pattern of abundance of Corethrella is much lower when compared to tropical areas. Studying a singular species as C. schmidti provides a valuable opportunity to understand the evolution of temporal strategies of reproduction, adaptations and behavioral plasticity related to the communication of diurnal stream frogs. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2015-02-26 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-24T21:23:19Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-24T21:23:19Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17553 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17553 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
200800000002 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 500 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
f5b02467-f097-4a9b-a65c-a86380896eab 2a135e8b-8bff-4032-99f2-3c268610a877 7121c6a6-6a85-4d52-b363-d7947ca500fd 503c3bcc-6502-433c-a144-0f5ea45e5598 fdd334f8-be43-4792-bcd2-8519087a01a3 a7a468f0-67d1-46fb-a68b-55335f2b8218 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Bioquímica |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
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repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1793240069227675648 |