Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome
Ano de defesa: | 2018 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | eng |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Rurais |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal
|
Departamento: |
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15263 |
Resumo: | Brazil is one of the largest producers of forests planted with eucalyptus in the world. In the southern region of the country, the effects of silviculture with this genus in hydro-sedimentological processes are still not well known in the basin scale. Knowledge of sediment sources and their spatial and temporal variations is a prerequisite for designing effective management measures for land use and management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydro-sedimentological responses in two paired river basins located in the “Campanha” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and to evaluate the relative contribution of sediment sources and the dominant erosion process. The study areas are located in the municipality of São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, with predominant soil use, Eucalyptus saligna (EC-0.83 km2) and pasture with extensive livestock (GC-1.10 km2), respectively. In order to quantify the impacts of different land uses, the variables flow, turbidity and precipitation were monitored and recorded every 10 minutes of interval during the period between September 2013 and March 2017. In addition to the automation of the data, water and sediment were collected during rainfall events in the outlet of each catchment. In order to identify the origin of the sediment as a function of soil use, tracers from the conventional approach (radionuclides, stable and geochemical isotopes) and (visible) spectroscopy were combined to obtain the best source discrimination for the fine fraction of sediments suspension, <0.063 mm). For the coarse fraction (bottom sediment, 0.063-2 mm) only the geochemical elements were evaluated. The results evidenced a higher water loss due to surface runoff and, consequently, higher sediment yield and bed load to GC in relation to EC, with values higher up to 12 times. In relation to the contribution of soil use to the origin of fine sediment production, the following average magnitude was observed for GC: pasture with oats (49%) > channel (26%) ≥ degraded natural field (25%) with error <15%, the spectroscopic method being the best for its discrimination. For EC, the mean magnitude corresponded to: channel (81%) > eucalyptus (16%) > forest roads (3%) being the combination of different tracers similar for discrimination. Considering the fine fraction of sediments, the largest contribution of this fraction occurred through subsurface erosive processes in the two studied catchments, being characterized in the present study by the canal and road areas. For the coarse fraction of sediment, the discrimination of the erosive processes was not possible only with the analysis of the geochemical elements. The use of different sediment tracers demonstrates the divergence of tracer selection for discriminating the contribution of each soil use to sediment production, even though the areas present equal soil classes. The results of monitoring and identification of sediment sources contribute to a better understanding of the effect of land use on sediment production at the basin scale, which are useful for guiding the management of natural resources. In addition, it shows that, due to hydro- sedimentological monitoring and sediment tracing, the silviculture activity with eucalyptus in this region presents less contribution of sediment compared to field use with extensive livestock that is a representative use of the region. |
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2019-01-09T12:44:00Z2019-01-09T12:44:00Z2018-03-01http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15263Brazil is one of the largest producers of forests planted with eucalyptus in the world. In the southern region of the country, the effects of silviculture with this genus in hydro-sedimentological processes are still not well known in the basin scale. Knowledge of sediment sources and their spatial and temporal variations is a prerequisite for designing effective management measures for land use and management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydro-sedimentological responses in two paired river basins located in the “Campanha” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and to evaluate the relative contribution of sediment sources and the dominant erosion process. The study areas are located in the municipality of São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, with predominant soil use, Eucalyptus saligna (EC-0.83 km2) and pasture with extensive livestock (GC-1.10 km2), respectively. In order to quantify the impacts of different land uses, the variables flow, turbidity and precipitation were monitored and recorded every 10 minutes of interval during the period between September 2013 and March 2017. In addition to the automation of the data, water and sediment were collected during rainfall events in the outlet of each catchment. In order to identify the origin of the sediment as a function of soil use, tracers from the conventional approach (radionuclides, stable and geochemical isotopes) and (visible) spectroscopy were combined to obtain the best source discrimination for the fine fraction of sediments suspension, <0.063 mm). For the coarse fraction (bottom sediment, 0.063-2 mm) only the geochemical elements were evaluated. The results evidenced a higher water loss due to surface runoff and, consequently, higher sediment yield and bed load to GC in relation to EC, with values higher up to 12 times. In relation to the contribution of soil use to the origin of fine sediment production, the following average magnitude was observed for GC: pasture with oats (49%) > channel (26%) ≥ degraded natural field (25%) with error <15%, the spectroscopic method being the best for its discrimination. For EC, the mean magnitude corresponded to: channel (81%) > eucalyptus (16%) > forest roads (3%) being the combination of different tracers similar for discrimination. Considering the fine fraction of sediments, the largest contribution of this fraction occurred through subsurface erosive processes in the two studied catchments, being characterized in the present study by the canal and road areas. For the coarse fraction of sediment, the discrimination of the erosive processes was not possible only with the analysis of the geochemical elements. The use of different sediment tracers demonstrates the divergence of tracer selection for discriminating the contribution of each soil use to sediment production, even though the areas present equal soil classes. The results of monitoring and identification of sediment sources contribute to a better understanding of the effect of land use on sediment production at the basin scale, which are useful for guiding the management of natural resources. In addition, it shows that, due to hydro- sedimentological monitoring and sediment tracing, the silviculture activity with eucalyptus in this region presents less contribution of sediment compared to field use with extensive livestock that is a representative use of the region.O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de florestas plantadas com eucalipto no mundo. Na região Sul do país, os efeitos da silvicultura com esse gênero nos processos hidrossedimentológicos ainda não são bem conhecidos na escala de bacia hidrográfica. O conhecimento das fontes de sedimento e suas variações espaciais e temporais constituem um pré-requisito para a concepção de medidas de gestão eficazes para uso e manejo do solo. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as respostas hidrossedimentológicas em duas bacias hidrográficas pareadas localizadas na região da Campanha no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e avaliar a contribuição relativa das fontes de sedimentos e do processo de erosão dominante. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas no município de São Gabriel, RS e, tem como uso predominante do solo, plantação de Eucalyptus saligna (EC-0,83 km2) e pastagem com pecuária extensiva (GC-1,10 km2), respectivamente. A fim de quantificar os impactos dos diferentes usos do solo, as variáveis vazão, turbidez e precipitação pluvial foram monitoradas, sendo registradas a cada 10 minutos de intervalo durante o período entre setembro de 2013 a março de 2017. Além da automatização dos dados, amostras de água e sedimento foram coletadas durante os eventos de chuva no vertedor de cada bacia. A fim de identificar a origem do sedimento em função do uso do solo, traçadores oriundos da abordagem convencional (radionuclídeos, isótopos estáveis e geoquímicos) e espectroscopia (visível) foram combinados para obter a melhor discriminação das fontes para a fração fina de sedimentos (em suspensão, < 0,063 mm). Para a fração grossa (sedimento de fundo, 0,063-2 mm) apenas os elementos geoquímicos foram avaliados. Os resultados evidenciam maior perda de água por escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, maior produção de sedimento em suspensão e em arraste para a GC em relação à EC, sendo os valores maiores em até 12 vezes. Em relação à contribuição do uso do solo na origem da produção de sedimento fino, observou-se, para a GC, a seguinte magnitude média: pastagem com aveia (49%) > canal (26%) ≥ campo natural degradado (25%) com erro < 15 %, sendo o método espectroscópico melhor para a sua discriminação. Para a EC, a magnitude média correspondeu a: canal (81%) > eucalipto (16%) > estradas florestais (3%) sendo a combinação dos diferentes traçadores similar para a discriminação. Considerando a fração fina de sedimentos, a maior contribuição dessa fração ocorreu por meio dos processos erosivos subsuperficiais nas duas bacias hidrográficas de estudo, sendo caracterizada, no presente estudo, pelas áreas de canal e estradas. Para a fração grossa de sedimento, a discriminação dos processos erosivos não foi possível apenas com a análise dos elementos geoquímicos. O uso de diferentes traçadores de sedimento demonstra a divergência da seleção de traçadores para a discriminação da contribuição de cada uso do solo na produção de sedimento, mesmo que as áreas apresentem classes de solos iguais. Os resultados do monitoramento e a identificação das fontes de sedimentos contribuem para uma melhor compreensão do efeito do uso do solo sobre a produção de sedimentos na escala de bacia hidrográfica, que são úteis para o norteamento da gestão dos recursos naturais. Além disso, evidencia-se que, tanto pelo monitoramento hidrossedimentológico quanto pela traçagem de sedimentos, a atividade de silvicultura com eucalipto nesta região apresenta menor contribuição de sedimento comparada com o uso de campo com pecuária extensiva que é uso representativo da região.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESengUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia FlorestalUFSMBrasilRecursos Florestais e Engenharia FlorestalAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessErosão do soloEucalyptus spp.Bioma PampaProcessos hidrossedimentaresAbordagens fingerprintingEspectroscopiaSoil erosionPampa biomeHydro-sedimentary processFingerprinting approachesSpectroscopyCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTALQuantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biomeQuantificação de fluxos e fontes de sedimento em bacias hidrográficas com eucalipto e campo no bioma Pampa brasileiroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisReichert, José Miguelhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0910765178697312Minella, Jean Paolo Gomeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3194231720402587Evrard, Olivierhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4989469389580972Tiecher, Taleshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7665378790484936Cavalcante, Rosane Barbosa Lopeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4959972571292663http://lattes.cnpq.br/4081379326273409Valente, Mirian Lago500200000003600a85444db-3c89-4606-bf03-0e1915842baae1d2cc96-fd70-4c10-bb9d-dce8630d4c298f6d9e14-df03-454b-9e39-d3fdde572819a1fd8ec1-9d1f-4b01-83b3-38cf940747b584c20362-d262-4ed8-911a-206157aea3cb7e4e1cee-61a8-4b3a-a9b1-a2d1a02b2703reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
dc.title.alternative.por.fl_str_mv |
Quantificação de fluxos e fontes de sedimento em bacias hidrográficas com eucalipto e campo no bioma Pampa brasileiro |
title |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
spellingShingle |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome Valente, Mirian Lago Erosão do solo Eucalyptus spp. Bioma Pampa Processos hidrossedimentares Abordagens fingerprinting Espectroscopia Soil erosion Pampa biome Hydro-sedimentary process Fingerprinting approaches Spectroscopy CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
title_short |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
title_full |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
title_sort |
Quantifying sediment fluxes and sources in eucalyptus and grassland catchments in the brazilian Pampa biome |
author |
Valente, Mirian Lago |
author_facet |
Valente, Mirian Lago |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Reichert, José Miguel |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910765178697312 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3194231720402587 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Evrard, Olivier |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989469389580972 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Tiecher, Tales |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7665378790484936 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Cavalcante, Rosane Barbosa Lopes |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4959972571292663 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4081379326273409 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Valente, Mirian Lago |
contributor_str_mv |
Reichert, José Miguel Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes Evrard, Olivier Tiecher, Tales Cavalcante, Rosane Barbosa Lopes |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Erosão do solo Eucalyptus spp. Bioma Pampa Processos hidrossedimentares Abordagens fingerprinting Espectroscopia |
topic |
Erosão do solo Eucalyptus spp. Bioma Pampa Processos hidrossedimentares Abordagens fingerprinting Espectroscopia Soil erosion Pampa biome Hydro-sedimentary process Fingerprinting approaches Spectroscopy CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Soil erosion Pampa biome Hydro-sedimentary process Fingerprinting approaches Spectroscopy |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
description |
Brazil is one of the largest producers of forests planted with eucalyptus in the world. In the southern region of the country, the effects of silviculture with this genus in hydro-sedimentological processes are still not well known in the basin scale. Knowledge of sediment sources and their spatial and temporal variations is a prerequisite for designing effective management measures for land use and management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydro-sedimentological responses in two paired river basins located in the “Campanha” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and to evaluate the relative contribution of sediment sources and the dominant erosion process. The study areas are located in the municipality of São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, with predominant soil use, Eucalyptus saligna (EC-0.83 km2) and pasture with extensive livestock (GC-1.10 km2), respectively. In order to quantify the impacts of different land uses, the variables flow, turbidity and precipitation were monitored and recorded every 10 minutes of interval during the period between September 2013 and March 2017. In addition to the automation of the data, water and sediment were collected during rainfall events in the outlet of each catchment. In order to identify the origin of the sediment as a function of soil use, tracers from the conventional approach (radionuclides, stable and geochemical isotopes) and (visible) spectroscopy were combined to obtain the best source discrimination for the fine fraction of sediments suspension, <0.063 mm). For the coarse fraction (bottom sediment, 0.063-2 mm) only the geochemical elements were evaluated. The results evidenced a higher water loss due to surface runoff and, consequently, higher sediment yield and bed load to GC in relation to EC, with values higher up to 12 times. In relation to the contribution of soil use to the origin of fine sediment production, the following average magnitude was observed for GC: pasture with oats (49%) > channel (26%) ≥ degraded natural field (25%) with error <15%, the spectroscopic method being the best for its discrimination. For EC, the mean magnitude corresponded to: channel (81%) > eucalyptus (16%) > forest roads (3%) being the combination of different tracers similar for discrimination. Considering the fine fraction of sediments, the largest contribution of this fraction occurred through subsurface erosive processes in the two studied catchments, being characterized in the present study by the canal and road areas. For the coarse fraction of sediment, the discrimination of the erosive processes was not possible only with the analysis of the geochemical elements. The use of different sediment tracers demonstrates the divergence of tracer selection for discriminating the contribution of each soil use to sediment production, even though the areas present equal soil classes. The results of monitoring and identification of sediment sources contribute to a better understanding of the effect of land use on sediment production at the basin scale, which are useful for guiding the management of natural resources. In addition, it shows that, due to hydro- sedimentological monitoring and sediment tracing, the silviculture activity with eucalyptus in this region presents less contribution of sediment compared to field use with extensive livestock that is a representative use of the region. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-03-01 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-09T12:44:00Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-09T12:44:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15263 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/15263 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500200000003 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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Brasil |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
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