Degradação de nonilfenol polietoxilado e de efluente têxtil por meio de eletrocoagulação e processos Fenton

• Ano de defesa: 2004
• Autor(a) principal: Henriques, Danielle Marranquiel
• Orientador(a): Martins, Ayrton Figueiredo
• Banca de defesa: Machado, ênio Leandro , Zanella, Renato
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Departamento: Química
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Química; Química analítica; Residuos industriais; Residuos têxteis; Degradação química
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10383

Nonylphenol polyethoxylates are nonionic surfactants widely employed on textile industry. Submitted to inadequate effluent treatment processes, these compounds can be eventually biodegraded to metabolites with estrogenic activity. Therefore, efficient processes on increasing the biodegradability or for the removal of these metabolites became necessary. In this work, the nonylphenol polyethoxylate (9 ethylene oxide unities, NF9) degradation by advanced oxidation (Fenton and photo-Fenton) and electrochemical processes (electrocoagulation, electrochemical Fenton) was verified. The studied process parameters were: NF9 concentration (measured by means of high performance liquid chromatography HPLC), chemistry oxygen demand (COD), absorbance on UV-visible region (200-800 nm) and hydrogen peroxide concentration (H2O2). For the determination of NF9 on textile wastewater, a modified procedure was developed based on the extraction of surfactants and subsequently HPLC measurement. The determined NF9 concentration on textile wastewater was around 20 mg L-1. Factorial design was applied to optimize the experimental conditions for NF9 degradation in aqueous solution with the aid of electrocoagulation and Fenton processes. The electrocoagulation experiments were performed in a 500 mL, water cooled, stirring tank reactor, maintaining a distance of 3.5 cm between electrodes. The evaluated parameters were: NF9 concentration (20 and 40 mg L-1), temperature (30 and 60 0C), applied current (1 and 1.5 A) and electrode material (iron and aluminium). The use of aluminium electrodes brought the best significance effects. The temperature effect was not significant, statistically. The best performance was achieved by experiments using 20 mg L-1 NF9, 1.5 A and aluminium electrodes (NF9 degradation up to 95%, 30 min reaction). For Fenton process, experiments were done in stirring tank reactor (1000 mL) and pH 3. The evaluated concentrations were: NF9 (20 and 40 mg L-1), Fe2+ (20 and 40 mg L-1) and H2O2 (60 and 100 mg L-1). All investigated variables were significant. The best performance (95% NF9 degradation, 5 min reaction) was obtained using the following concentrations: 20 mg L-1 of NF9, 40 mg L-1 of Fe2+ and 100 mg L-1 of H2O2. In order to enhance NF9 degradation, by electrocoagulation with iron electrodes, electrochemical Fenton was also performed. The same equipment from electrocoagulation was used, adding 20 mg L-1 of H2O2 and adjusting to pH 3. With this treatment, NF9 removal from aqueous solutions up to 95%, in 5 min of reaction, was achieved. For further applications of the proposed treatments (Fenton, photo-Fenton, electrochemical Fenton and electrocoagulation) to the textile effluent, the best results from factorial design with aqueous solutions were take. The employed reactor for photo-Fenton treatment was just the same used on Fenton process by coupling a photoirradiation chamber composed by a mercury lamp (125 W) and a quartz column. The electrocoagulation allowed NF9 and COD reduction of 95 and 50%, respectively, in only 15 min reaction. The Fenton process provided 38% NF9 reduction and 11% organic matter degradation, in just 5 min reaction. On the other hand, 58% NF9 degradation and 21% COD reduction were obtained for photo-Fenton process after an hour of reaction. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the electrocoagulation process, using iron electrodes (electrochemical Fenton), increased the NF9 degradation from 45 to 95%, in only 5 min reaction. By the applied conditions, all investigated processes proved to be efficient on the NF9 degradation in aqueous solutions. For the textile wastewater, electrochemical treatments showed the best results, as much for NF9 removal as for COD reduction.