Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional
Ano de defesa: | 2008 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
|
Departamento: |
Agronomia
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5481 |
Resumo: | Worldwide, the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water, reaching about 69% of total water derived from rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. Because of this huge consumption of water by agriculture and the scarcity of water in various parts of the world there is a social and environmental pressure very big, mainly on irrigated agriculture in order to improve the efficiency of the use of water. This study aimed to quantify the loss of water from the soil by evaporation, in the early stages of development of the corn crop sown in cultivation from no-tillage system and conventional tillage. The work was developed in Experimental Area of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. The experiment was conducted in the period from October 28, 2006 to December 10, 2006 and consisted of four treatments: (i) direct maize sowing in bare soil (PD0), (ii) direct sowing of corn with 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD3), (iii) direct sowing of corn with 6,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD6), and (iv) conventional tillage of the soil without coverage of straw on the surface (PC). The loss of water from the soil were determined in four cycles of dry soil during the first 38 days after the emergence of culture, holding up the water balance in soil layers from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 30 cm, from data of volumetric soil moisture determined with a TDR at intervals of 15 minutes. It was also determined, for the first cycle of drying soil coefficients of evaporation(K) and reducing of water evaporation from the soil (Kr), as the methodology of Kc Dual. For the short duration of the cycles of drying of the soil, growth and development of plants were not affected by the system of cultivation of the soil in the early stages of development of the corn crop. In layer from 0 to 10 cm depth for the first cycle of drying of the soil, 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the surface provided a reduction in the loss of water by evaporation of 24,6% and 19,9% in relation to the PC and PD0, respectively. With 6.0 Mg ha-1 of straw, the reduction was 50,7% and 47,6%, respectively. In the first 30 cm of the soil profile, the reduction in losses of water was 18.2% and 23% respectively to 3.0 Mg ha-1 of straw. Increasing to 6.0 Mg ha-1 reduction was 38,3% and 42,0% respectively. With the growth of culture, the increase in the loss of water in the soil was due to the bigger development of plants with increasing participation of transpiration in water consumption by culture, by shading the surface at the higher leaf area index of the plants. Treatments with PC and PD0 show Ke higher, reaching 1,32 and 1,17, respectively. With the presence of straw, the maximum value of K was reduced to approximately 50% compared with the treatments without straw on the surface reaching values of 0,70 and 0,44, respectively, when EToac was 10,0 mm. The treatments of PC and PD0 showed a fast reduction in the coefficient of reduction of water evaporation from soil, after 6,5 mm of EToac. The lowest value of Kr at the end of the cycle of drying, 0,47, was observed for the treatment PD0. The PD6 has remained longer in the first stage of evaporation, reducing the Kr when EToac exceeded 20,0 mm. |
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2017-03-292017-03-292008-04-04ANDRADE, Juliano Gomes de. Loss of water evaporation of cultived soil with maize in notillage system and conventional tillage. 2008. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2008.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5481Worldwide, the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water, reaching about 69% of total water derived from rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. Because of this huge consumption of water by agriculture and the scarcity of water in various parts of the world there is a social and environmental pressure very big, mainly on irrigated agriculture in order to improve the efficiency of the use of water. This study aimed to quantify the loss of water from the soil by evaporation, in the early stages of development of the corn crop sown in cultivation from no-tillage system and conventional tillage. The work was developed in Experimental Area of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. The experiment was conducted in the period from October 28, 2006 to December 10, 2006 and consisted of four treatments: (i) direct maize sowing in bare soil (PD0), (ii) direct sowing of corn with 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD3), (iii) direct sowing of corn with 6,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD6), and (iv) conventional tillage of the soil without coverage of straw on the surface (PC). The loss of water from the soil were determined in four cycles of dry soil during the first 38 days after the emergence of culture, holding up the water balance in soil layers from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 30 cm, from data of volumetric soil moisture determined with a TDR at intervals of 15 minutes. It was also determined, for the first cycle of drying soil coefficients of evaporation(K) and reducing of water evaporation from the soil (Kr), as the methodology of Kc Dual. For the short duration of the cycles of drying of the soil, growth and development of plants were not affected by the system of cultivation of the soil in the early stages of development of the corn crop. In layer from 0 to 10 cm depth for the first cycle of drying of the soil, 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the surface provided a reduction in the loss of water by evaporation of 24,6% and 19,9% in relation to the PC and PD0, respectively. With 6.0 Mg ha-1 of straw, the reduction was 50,7% and 47,6%, respectively. In the first 30 cm of the soil profile, the reduction in losses of water was 18.2% and 23% respectively to 3.0 Mg ha-1 of straw. Increasing to 6.0 Mg ha-1 reduction was 38,3% and 42,0% respectively. With the growth of culture, the increase in the loss of water in the soil was due to the bigger development of plants with increasing participation of transpiration in water consumption by culture, by shading the surface at the higher leaf area index of the plants. Treatments with PC and PD0 show Ke higher, reaching 1,32 and 1,17, respectively. With the presence of straw, the maximum value of K was reduced to approximately 50% compared with the treatments without straw on the surface reaching values of 0,70 and 0,44, respectively, when EToac was 10,0 mm. The treatments of PC and PD0 showed a fast reduction in the coefficient of reduction of water evaporation from soil, after 6,5 mm of EToac. The lowest value of Kr at the end of the cycle of drying, 0,47, was observed for the treatment PD0. The PD6 has remained longer in the first stage of evaporation, reducing the Kr when EToac exceeded 20,0 mm.Mundialmente, o setor agrícola é o maior consumidor de água, alcançando cerca de 69% do total de água derivada de rios, lagos e aqüíferos subterrâneos. Em função deste grande consumo de água pela agricultura e pela escassez de água em várias partes do mundo, há uma pressão social e ambiental muito grande, principalmente sobre a agricultura irrigada, a fim de melhorar a eficiência do uso da água. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar as perdas de água do solo por evaporação, nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da cultura do milho semeada em sistema de cultivo direto e preparo convencional. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Área Experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. O experimento foi conduzido no período de 28 de outubro de 2006 a 10 de dezembro de 2006 e constituiu-se de quatro tratamentos: (i) semeadura direta do milho em solo desnudo (PD0); (ii) semeadura direta do milho com 3,0 Mg ha-1 de palha na superfície do solo (PD3); (iii) semeadura direta do milho com 6,0 Mg ha-1 de palha na superfície do solo (PD6) e, (iv) preparo convencional do solo, sem cobertura de palha na superfície (PC). As perdas de água do solo foram determinadas em quatro ciclos de secagem do solo durante os primeiros 38 dias após a emergência da cultura, realizando-se o balanço hídrico do solo nas camadas de 0 a 10 cm e de 10 a 30 cm, a partir dos dados de umidade volumétrica do solo determinada com um TDR em intervalos de 15 minutos. Determinou-se também, para o primeiro ciclo de secagem do solo os coeficientes de evaporação (Ke) e de redução da evaporação da água do solo (Kr), conforme a metodologia do Kc Dual de cultivo. Pela curta duração dos ciclos de secagem do solo, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas não foram influenciados pelo sistema de cultivo do solo nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento da cultura do milho. Na camada de 0 a 10 cm de profundidade, para o primeiro ciclo de secagem do solo, 3,0 Mg ha-1 de palha na superfície proporcionou uma redução nas perdas de água por evaporação de 24,6% e 19,9% em relação ao PC e PD0, respectivamente. Com 6,0 Mg ha-1 de palha, a redução foi de 50,7% e 47,6%,respectivamente. Nos primeiros 30 cm do perfil do solo, a redução nas perdas de água foi de 18,2% e 23%, respectivamente com 3,0 Mg ha-1 de palha. Aumentando para 6,0 Mg ha-1 a redução foi de 38,3% e 42% respectivamente. Com o crescimento da cultura, o aumento nas perdas de água do solo foi devido ao maior desenvolvimento das plantas com aumento da participação da transpiração no consumo de água pela cultura, pelo sombreamento da superfície pelo maior índice de área foliar das plantas. Os tratamentos com PC e PD0 apresentam Ke mais elevado, chegando a 1,32 e 1,17, respectivamente. Com a presença de palha, o máximo valor de Ke foi reduzido para aproximadamente 50% comparados com os tratamentos sem palha na superfície atingindo valores de 0,70 e 0,44, respectivamente, quando EToac era de 10,0 mm. Os tratamentos de PC e PD0 apresentaram uma rápida redução no coeficiente de redução da evaporação da água do solo, após 6,5 mm de EToac. O menor valor de Kr no final do ciclo de secagem, 0,47, foi observado para o tratamento PD0. O PD6 manteve-se por mais tempo no primeiro estagio da evaporação, reduzindo o Kr quando a EToac superou 20,0 mm.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloUFSMBRAgronomiaEvaporação da água do soloTDRCoeficiente de evaporaçãoSistemas de cultivoMilhoSoil water evaporationTDRCoefficient of evaporationCropping systemsMaizeCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAPerdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencionalLoss of water evaporation of cultived soil with maize in notillage system and conventional tillageinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCarlesso, Reimarhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4740272927848914Eltz, Flavio Luiz Folettohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2238828304382975http://lattes.cnpq.br/3776440885667658Andrade, Juliano Gomes de5001000000094005003005001a6ccd1d-16e8-4110-910c-7178d86e094466e5ffe4-f262-4488-96bf-f7f7def2c40c1829cb80-320c-4404-96b0-db896c725fdainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALJULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdfapplication/pdf518937http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/5481/1/JULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf9f3102bd319696b47c0824a9dfe9107bMD51TEXTJULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.txtJULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain160504http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/5481/2/JULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.txt03894b5d4a37175683be812ce3e1c540MD52THUMBNAILJULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.jpgJULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5002http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/5481/3/JULIANOGOMESDEANDRADE.pdf.jpg79d10f78becb83fc9b090cb50b119750MD531/54812022-09-13 15:30:25.706oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/5481Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-09-13T18:30:25Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Loss of water evaporation of cultived soil with maize in notillage system and conventional tillage |
title |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
spellingShingle |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional Andrade, Juliano Gomes de Evaporação da água do solo TDR Coeficiente de evaporação Sistemas de cultivo Milho Soil water evaporation TDR Coefficient of evaporation Cropping systems Maize CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
title_full |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
title_fullStr |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
title_full_unstemmed |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
title_sort |
Perdas de água por evaporação de um solo cultivado com milho nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional |
author |
Andrade, Juliano Gomes de |
author_facet |
Andrade, Juliano Gomes de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Carlesso, Reimar |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4740272927848914 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Eltz, Flavio Luiz Foletto |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2238828304382975 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3776440885667658 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Andrade, Juliano Gomes de |
contributor_str_mv |
Carlesso, Reimar Eltz, Flavio Luiz Foletto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Evaporação da água do solo TDR Coeficiente de evaporação Sistemas de cultivo Milho |
topic |
Evaporação da água do solo TDR Coeficiente de evaporação Sistemas de cultivo Milho Soil water evaporation TDR Coefficient of evaporation Cropping systems Maize CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Soil water evaporation TDR Coefficient of evaporation Cropping systems Maize |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
Worldwide, the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water, reaching about 69% of total water derived from rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. Because of this huge consumption of water by agriculture and the scarcity of water in various parts of the world there is a social and environmental pressure very big, mainly on irrigated agriculture in order to improve the efficiency of the use of water. This study aimed to quantify the loss of water from the soil by evaporation, in the early stages of development of the corn crop sown in cultivation from no-tillage system and conventional tillage. The work was developed in Experimental Area of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. The experiment was conducted in the period from October 28, 2006 to December 10, 2006 and consisted of four treatments: (i) direct maize sowing in bare soil (PD0), (ii) direct sowing of corn with 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD3), (iii) direct sowing of corn with 6,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the soil surface (PD6), and (iv) conventional tillage of the soil without coverage of straw on the surface (PC). The loss of water from the soil were determined in four cycles of dry soil during the first 38 days after the emergence of culture, holding up the water balance in soil layers from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 30 cm, from data of volumetric soil moisture determined with a TDR at intervals of 15 minutes. It was also determined, for the first cycle of drying soil coefficients of evaporation(K) and reducing of water evaporation from the soil (Kr), as the methodology of Kc Dual. For the short duration of the cycles of drying of the soil, growth and development of plants were not affected by the system of cultivation of the soil in the early stages of development of the corn crop. In layer from 0 to 10 cm depth for the first cycle of drying of the soil, 3,0 Mg ha-1 of straw on the surface provided a reduction in the loss of water by evaporation of 24,6% and 19,9% in relation to the PC and PD0, respectively. With 6.0 Mg ha-1 of straw, the reduction was 50,7% and 47,6%, respectively. In the first 30 cm of the soil profile, the reduction in losses of water was 18.2% and 23% respectively to 3.0 Mg ha-1 of straw. Increasing to 6.0 Mg ha-1 reduction was 38,3% and 42,0% respectively. With the growth of culture, the increase in the loss of water in the soil was due to the bigger development of plants with increasing participation of transpiration in water consumption by culture, by shading the surface at the higher leaf area index of the plants. Treatments with PC and PD0 show Ke higher, reaching 1,32 and 1,17, respectively. With the presence of straw, the maximum value of K was reduced to approximately 50% compared with the treatments without straw on the surface reaching values of 0,70 and 0,44, respectively, when EToac was 10,0 mm. The treatments of PC and PD0 showed a fast reduction in the coefficient of reduction of water evaporation from soil, after 6,5 mm of EToac. The lowest value of Kr at the end of the cycle of drying, 0,47, was observed for the treatment PD0. The PD6 has remained longer in the first stage of evaporation, reducing the Kr when EToac exceeded 20,0 mm. |
publishDate |
2008 |
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2008-04-04 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-03-29 |
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2017-03-29 |
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ANDRADE, Juliano Gomes de. Loss of water evaporation of cultived soil with maize in notillage system and conventional tillage. 2008. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2008. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5481 |
identifier_str_mv |
ANDRADE, Juliano Gomes de. Loss of water evaporation of cultived soil with maize in notillage system and conventional tillage. 2008. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2008. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5481 |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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UFSM |
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