Suplementação de ácidos graxos e atividade física sobre os distúrbios do movimento, memória e ansiedade em ratos: parâmetros comportamentais e bioquímicos

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Angelica Martelli
• Orientador(a): Burger, Marilise Escobar
• Banca de defesa: Puntel, Robson Luiz , Oliveira, Mauro Schneider , Barbosa, Nilda Berenice de Vargas , Royes, Luiz Fernando Freire
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia
• Departamento: Farmacologia
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: SNC; Exercício; Haloperidol; Ácidos graxos trans; Distúrbios motores
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: CNS; Exercise; Haloperidol; Trans fatty acids; Motor disorders
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3851

Fatty acids (FA) from the diet play a key role in the architecture of brain membrane phospholipids, and can modify plasticity and fluidity, acting decisively in the development of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Healthy lifestyle habits include balanced diet and physical activity, which has regularly been described as a form of rehabilitation or prevention of diseases affecting the CNS. This study was initially designed to evaluate the influence of regular exercise in preventing oxidative damage commonly induced by haloperidol. Exercise prevented the development of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) and antipsychotic-induced locomotor impairments. The catalase activity was recovered in the subcortical region, preventing cortical and subcortical lipoperoxidation. Also in the subcortical region, there was a positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and the OD, concurrent with a negative correlation between catalase activity and OD. While these data reinforce the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the development of movement disorders, physical exercise was able to increase the activity of the dopamine transporter, thereby helping to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter in the striatum, often elevated by the antipsychotic action. In the following studies, weaned rats were supplemented with different FA (soybean oil-SO, rich in polyunsaturated FA; lard-L, rich in saturated FA; and hydrogenated vegetable fat-HVF, rich in trans fatty acids) and daily exercised in the last three months. After 15 months, the animals were assigned to experiment 1 or 2. In the first one, was evaluated anxiety behavior (elevated plus-maze), memory (Barnes-maze), and the activity of Na+K+-ATPase in the cortex and hippocampus. The HVF supplementation caused an incorporation of about 0.30% of trans FA in the rat s brain, whereas L of 0.20%, with no observed trans incorporation in SO group. This incorporation did not influence the symptoms of anxiety in HVF and L groups, but the exercise benefited the SO group, increasing their exploratory and risk behavior. A memory deficit was observed in the HVF, but reversed by physical exercise, equaling the memory acquisition of the three experimental groups. The activity of Na+K+-ATPase was lower in the cortex and hippocampus of animals treated with HVF and was not modified by exercise. In the 2nd experiment, rats supplemented with the different FA showed similar brain incorporation as described above. These animals were submitted to behavioral assessments of OD, locomotion and activity of Na+K+-ATPase and catalase in the striatum. The HVF supplementation was associated with increased OD, which was intensified by the exercise in the HVF and L groups. The locomotion was reduced in these two groups and was not modified by exercise. The catalase activity was lower in L and HVF groups, but elevated by exercise in the latter one. The different FA did not alter the Na+K+-ATPase activity, which was elevated by exercise in animals supplemented with L and SO. The brain incorporation of trans FA may be related to the motor impairments mainly observed in the HVF group, while the absent incorporation in the SO group, with the best motor performance and enzymatic activities. Taken together, the presented data suggest that healthy lifestyle habits, which include reduced intake of saturated and trans FA and the regular practice of physical activity, may be able to prevent and/or reduce the development or the consequences of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.