Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional
Ano de defesa: | 2020 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia e Desenvolvimento
|
Departamento: |
Economia
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20789 |
Resumo: | The objective of this study is to analyze in two essays the effects of tangible and intangible costs on disaggregated exports from Brazil - and its trading partners, because according to the literature - when these costs increase, the transaction costs of the economy rise and reduce the economic relations among trading partners. The first essay analyses the relationship between the institutional environment of Brazil and its trading partners on Brazilian exports disaggregated into high-tech, low-tech and non-industrial products, in the period from 2006 to 2018. When the countries' institutions are weak, the risks and uncertainties of the market increase, driving investors away and damaging the country's business environment. To analyze this relationship between institutions and exports, two indexes were constructed, through factor analysis, which represent the political and economic institutional quality of Brazil and its trading partners. These indexes were inserted in a gravitational panel estimated by PPML - fixed effects, to verify if the domestic institutional quality of Brazil and its commercial partners contribute or not to the increase of exports disaggregated by technological levels. Furthermore, by means of the indexes it was possible to calculate the institutional heterogeneity among the countries and later insert them in the gravitational models in order to verify if the institutional distance of Brazil with its partners affects the disaggregated Brazilian exports. The main results obtained were that Brazil's economic and political institutional quality proved weak during the period under review, in addition, there was a greater effect of domestic political institutional quality on total exports, high and low technology, while economic institutional quality would contribute more to increase exports of non-industrial products. In the second article, it was verified how trade costs affect exports of the agricultural and manufactured sector in the Brazilian regions from 2006 to 2015. For this, trade cost proxies were used, such as the bilateral, bilateral total between countries, such as the non-tariff price and cost, as well as the number of documents and time variables - to trade. For this, either the gravitational model of increased trade estimated by PPML was used. The results show different effects on trade costs on sectors and regions. It was also found that tariff prices had little effect on exports in most regions. |
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2021-05-06T01:24:27Z2021-05-06T01:24:27Z2020-01-16http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20789The objective of this study is to analyze in two essays the effects of tangible and intangible costs on disaggregated exports from Brazil - and its trading partners, because according to the literature - when these costs increase, the transaction costs of the economy rise and reduce the economic relations among trading partners. The first essay analyses the relationship between the institutional environment of Brazil and its trading partners on Brazilian exports disaggregated into high-tech, low-tech and non-industrial products, in the period from 2006 to 2018. When the countries' institutions are weak, the risks and uncertainties of the market increase, driving investors away and damaging the country's business environment. To analyze this relationship between institutions and exports, two indexes were constructed, through factor analysis, which represent the political and economic institutional quality of Brazil and its trading partners. These indexes were inserted in a gravitational panel estimated by PPML - fixed effects, to verify if the domestic institutional quality of Brazil and its commercial partners contribute or not to the increase of exports disaggregated by technological levels. Furthermore, by means of the indexes it was possible to calculate the institutional heterogeneity among the countries and later insert them in the gravitational models in order to verify if the institutional distance of Brazil with its partners affects the disaggregated Brazilian exports. The main results obtained were that Brazil's economic and political institutional quality proved weak during the period under review, in addition, there was a greater effect of domestic political institutional quality on total exports, high and low technology, while economic institutional quality would contribute more to increase exports of non-industrial products. In the second article, it was verified how trade costs affect exports of the agricultural and manufactured sector in the Brazilian regions from 2006 to 2015. For this, trade cost proxies were used, such as the bilateral, bilateral total between countries, such as the non-tariff price and cost, as well as the number of documents and time variables - to trade. For this, either the gravitational model of increased trade estimated by PPML was used. The results show different effects on trade costs on sectors and regions. It was also found that tariff prices had little effect on exports in most regions.O objetivo desse estudo é analisar em dois ensaios os efeitos dos custos tangíveis e intangíveis sobre as exportações desagregadas do Brasil com seus parceiros comerciais, pois segundo a literatura, quando estes custos aumentam, elevam-se os custos de transação da economia e reduzem as relações econômicas entre os parceiros comerciais. No primeiro ensaio analisa-se a relação entre o ambiente institucional do Brasil e de seus parceiros comerciais sobre as exportações brasileiras desagregadas em produtos de alta tecnologia, baixa tecnologia e produtos não industriais, no período de 2006 a 2018. Quando as instituições dos países são fracas, os riscos e as incertezas do mercado aumentam, afastando os investidores e prejudicando o ambiente de negócios do país. Para analisar essa relação entre instituições e exportações, foi construído, por meio de análise fatorial, dois índices que representam a qualidade institucional política e econômica do Brasil e de seus parceiros comerciais. Estes índices foram inseridos em um painel gravitacional estimado por PPML – efeitos fixos, para verificar se a qualidade institucional doméstica do Brasil e de seus parceiros comerciais, contribuem ou não para o aumento das exportações desagregadas por níveis tecnológicos. Além disso, por meio dos índices foi possível calcular a heterogeneidade institucional entre os países, e posteriormente inseri-las nos modelos gravitacionais para verificar se a distância institucional do Brasil com seus parceiros afeta as exportações brasileiras desagregadas. Os principais resultados obtidos foram que a qualidade institucional econômica e política do Brasil mostraram-se fracas durante o período analisado, além disso, obteve-se um maior efeito da qualidade institucional política doméstica sobre as exportações totais, de alta e baixa tecnologia, ao passo, que a qualidade institucional econômica contribuiria mais para o aumento das exportações de produtos não industriais. No segundo artigo, verificou-se como os custos de comércio afetam as exportações do setor agropecuário e manufaturado das regiões do Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2015. Para isso, foram utilizadas proxies de custo de comércio como custo bilateral total entre os países, como o custo tarifário e custo não tarifário, e ainda as variáveis de número de documentos e de tempo para comercializar. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo gravitacional do comércio aumentado estimado por PPML. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam efeitos diferentes nos custos de comércio sobre os setores e sobre as regiões, verificou-se ainda que os custos tarifários pouco afetaram as exportações na maioria das regiões.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências Sociais e HumanasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Economia e DesenvolvimentoUFSMBrasilEconomiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessExportações desagregadasAmbiente institucionalCustos de comércioDisaggregated exportsInstitutional environmentTrade costsCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIAEnsaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacionalTests on Brazilian exports: analysis of the institutional environment and trade costs in the light of the gravitational modelinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisFeistel, Paulo Ricardohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9828248768218577Azevedo, André Filipe Zago deBecker, Kalinca LeiaCasagrande, Dieison Lenonhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3182040808326531Bobato, Angel Maitê6003000000006006006006006006000c261596-3e0e-41ee-ad1d-43ff5a38a052ba8beff7-09a5-4927-aff2-e0be26a7ae0f03d87015-f7e3-4e9c-bf69-906bbe293dabd16577c2-0277-4fd8-b922-2147447b2d78a8f986c8-135a-4832-8a80-d62268f3cf74reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALDIS_PPGED_2020_BOBATO_ANGEL.pdfDIS_PPGED_2020_BOBATO_ANGEL.pdfDissertaçãoapplication/pdf1973423http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/20789/1/DIS_PPGED_2020_BOBATO_ANGEL.pdfef61b49ac410c0b14a8e551b4da325ecMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Tests on Brazilian exports: analysis of the institutional environment and trade costs in the light of the gravitational model |
title |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
spellingShingle |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional Bobato, Angel Maitê Exportações desagregadas Ambiente institucional Custos de comércio Disaggregated exports Institutional environment Trade costs CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
title_short |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
title_full |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
title_fullStr |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
title_sort |
Ensaios sobre as exportações do Brasil: análise do ambiente institucional e dos custos de comércio à luz do modelo gravitacional |
author |
Bobato, Angel Maitê |
author_facet |
Bobato, Angel Maitê |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Feistel, Paulo Ricardo |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828248768218577 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Azevedo, André Filipe Zago de |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Becker, Kalinca Leia |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Casagrande, Dieison Lenon |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3182040808326531 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Bobato, Angel Maitê |
contributor_str_mv |
Feistel, Paulo Ricardo Azevedo, André Filipe Zago de Becker, Kalinca Leia Casagrande, Dieison Lenon |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Exportações desagregadas Ambiente institucional Custos de comércio |
topic |
Exportações desagregadas Ambiente institucional Custos de comércio Disaggregated exports Institutional environment Trade costs CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Disaggregated exports Institutional environment Trade costs |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA |
description |
The objective of this study is to analyze in two essays the effects of tangible and intangible costs on disaggregated exports from Brazil - and its trading partners, because according to the literature - when these costs increase, the transaction costs of the economy rise and reduce the economic relations among trading partners. The first essay analyses the relationship between the institutional environment of Brazil and its trading partners on Brazilian exports disaggregated into high-tech, low-tech and non-industrial products, in the period from 2006 to 2018. When the countries' institutions are weak, the risks and uncertainties of the market increase, driving investors away and damaging the country's business environment. To analyze this relationship between institutions and exports, two indexes were constructed, through factor analysis, which represent the political and economic institutional quality of Brazil and its trading partners. These indexes were inserted in a gravitational panel estimated by PPML - fixed effects, to verify if the domestic institutional quality of Brazil and its commercial partners contribute or not to the increase of exports disaggregated by technological levels. Furthermore, by means of the indexes it was possible to calculate the institutional heterogeneity among the countries and later insert them in the gravitational models in order to verify if the institutional distance of Brazil with its partners affects the disaggregated Brazilian exports. The main results obtained were that Brazil's economic and political institutional quality proved weak during the period under review, in addition, there was a greater effect of domestic political institutional quality on total exports, high and low technology, while economic institutional quality would contribute more to increase exports of non-industrial products. In the second article, it was verified how trade costs affect exports of the agricultural and manufactured sector in the Brazilian regions from 2006 to 2015. For this, trade cost proxies were used, such as the bilateral, bilateral total between countries, such as the non-tariff price and cost, as well as the number of documents and time variables - to trade. For this, either the gravitational model of increased trade estimated by PPML was used. The results show different effects on trade costs on sectors and regions. It was also found that tariff prices had little effect on exports in most regions. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-16 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-06T01:24:27Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-06T01:24:27Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20789 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/20789 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
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600300000000 |
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600 600 600 600 600 600 |
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dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia e Desenvolvimento |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Economia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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