Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista
Ano de defesa: | 2014 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Rurais |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal
|
Departamento: |
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21388 |
Resumo: | The present research analyses the dynamics, competition and spatial distribution of individuals in a fragment of mixed ombrophylous forest, in a monitoring period between 2002 and 2011. The study area is located in National Forest of Irati - PR, between the cities of Irati, Fernandes Pinheiro, Teixeira Soares and Imbituva, mid-south region of the Paraná state. The sample was divided into 25 sample units (conglomerates) of 100 m X 100 m (1 ha), subdivided into four subunits of 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha), and these subdivided in five control ranges of 10 m x 50 m, totaling 20 ranges of 0,05 ha, where each individual tree was numbered, identified, mapped and measured the dbh ≥ 10 cm. The average annual increase for the species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Cedrela fissilis Vell. and Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso was 0.18 cm yr-1, 0.22 cm yr-1 and 0.24 cm yr-1, respectively. The average annual increment by diameter class, presented in class 9 (middle class 95) 0.49 cm yr-1. During the study period, there was a decrease of 3.16% in the number of individuals. Four probability density functions (Meyer Type I, II, Weibull 2 and 3 parameters) were used to adjust the diameter distribution for the species Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis, Ocotea porosa. In the clustering analysis was used hierarchical agglomerative method and the similarity between the parcels by squared Euclidian distance method and after the groups obtained, it was performed a discriminant analysis aiming to obtain discriminant functions to classify them into graphs of ordination and to test the significance of the groups. The adhesion test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov stated that the Probability Density Function Weibull 3p was the one that followed the specified distribution (at the probability level of 0,95 "α = 0,05). The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener ranged from 3.23 to 3.27 nats ind.-1, indicating that during the period there were changes in diversity. In grouping analysis indicated the formation of floristic groups, and the thrird group showed the more distant linking values between the groups. The spatial distribution of individuals (Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis and Ocotea porosa) followed the standard aggregate. To detect level at which occurs separation of the spatial pattern, the Ripley's K function was used, which has the characteristic of detect the maximum point which occurs aggregate pattern, then present the complete spatial randomness standard. In estimating crown diameter used the mathematical model of the second degree, resulting in the equation: with R ² = 0.6582, CV% = 5.02 and F = 163.68. The salience index ranged from 21 to 37 times, in other words, crown diameter greater than the dbh. Individuals located very close to the object tree exert greater influence than more distant object trees, but this sampling method all individuals contribute to the punctual density with its size and distance. For a crown radius 8 m, the results indicate that the density affects growth (annual average increase), indicating that the growth at high density is lower, and in general large individuals are in the upper canopy forest and benefit the condition of direct light in the crown. Multivariate analysis was adequate to distinguish groups based on levels of diversity, an interesting tool for studying management and ecology. The three species (Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa and Cedrela) showed variations in spatial distribution depending on the spatial scale, the number of individuals and size classes considered. For Araucaria angustifoliaand Ocotea porosa the pattern ranged from random to aggregated, suggesting that these species show high variation in their abundances on scales analysed. For Cedrela fissilis the spatial pattern was random, tends to regulate small spatial scale. The index of competition was significant in the analysis increment in diameter to the crown radius of 8 m, ie, in places with the lowest index of competition, showed greater diameter increment. For radius crown of 4 an 6 m, the index was not significant, ie, increased competition between individuals, not responded positively to the increment. |
id |
UFSM_f66c4c117bbafeba1e146374adbad0ff |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/21388 |
network_acronym_str |
UFSM |
network_name_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
2021-07-09T18:04:40Z2021-07-09T18:04:40Z2014-02-21http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21388The present research analyses the dynamics, competition and spatial distribution of individuals in a fragment of mixed ombrophylous forest, in a monitoring period between 2002 and 2011. The study area is located in National Forest of Irati - PR, between the cities of Irati, Fernandes Pinheiro, Teixeira Soares and Imbituva, mid-south region of the Paraná state. The sample was divided into 25 sample units (conglomerates) of 100 m X 100 m (1 ha), subdivided into four subunits of 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha), and these subdivided in five control ranges of 10 m x 50 m, totaling 20 ranges of 0,05 ha, where each individual tree was numbered, identified, mapped and measured the dbh ≥ 10 cm. The average annual increase for the species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Cedrela fissilis Vell. and Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso was 0.18 cm yr-1, 0.22 cm yr-1 and 0.24 cm yr-1, respectively. The average annual increment by diameter class, presented in class 9 (middle class 95) 0.49 cm yr-1. During the study period, there was a decrease of 3.16% in the number of individuals. Four probability density functions (Meyer Type I, II, Weibull 2 and 3 parameters) were used to adjust the diameter distribution for the species Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis, Ocotea porosa. In the clustering analysis was used hierarchical agglomerative method and the similarity between the parcels by squared Euclidian distance method and after the groups obtained, it was performed a discriminant analysis aiming to obtain discriminant functions to classify them into graphs of ordination and to test the significance of the groups. The adhesion test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov stated that the Probability Density Function Weibull 3p was the one that followed the specified distribution (at the probability level of 0,95 "α = 0,05). The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener ranged from 3.23 to 3.27 nats ind.-1, indicating that during the period there were changes in diversity. In grouping analysis indicated the formation of floristic groups, and the thrird group showed the more distant linking values between the groups. The spatial distribution of individuals (Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis and Ocotea porosa) followed the standard aggregate. To detect level at which occurs separation of the spatial pattern, the Ripley's K function was used, which has the characteristic of detect the maximum point which occurs aggregate pattern, then present the complete spatial randomness standard. In estimating crown diameter used the mathematical model of the second degree, resulting in the equation: with R ² = 0.6582, CV% = 5.02 and F = 163.68. The salience index ranged from 21 to 37 times, in other words, crown diameter greater than the dbh. Individuals located very close to the object tree exert greater influence than more distant object trees, but this sampling method all individuals contribute to the punctual density with its size and distance. For a crown radius 8 m, the results indicate that the density affects growth (annual average increase), indicating that the growth at high density is lower, and in general large individuals are in the upper canopy forest and benefit the condition of direct light in the crown. Multivariate analysis was adequate to distinguish groups based on levels of diversity, an interesting tool for studying management and ecology. The three species (Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa and Cedrela) showed variations in spatial distribution depending on the spatial scale, the number of individuals and size classes considered. For Araucaria angustifoliaand Ocotea porosa the pattern ranged from random to aggregated, suggesting that these species show high variation in their abundances on scales analysed. For Cedrela fissilis the spatial pattern was random, tends to regulate small spatial scale. The index of competition was significant in the analysis increment in diameter to the crown radius of 8 m, ie, in places with the lowest index of competition, showed greater diameter increment. For radius crown of 4 an 6 m, the index was not significant, ie, increased competition between individuals, not responded positively to the increment.A presente pesquisa analisa a dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial de indivíduos em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, em um período de monitoramento de 2002 a 2011. A área de estudo localiza- se na Floresta Nacional de Irati, PR, entre os municípios de Irati, Fernandes Pinheiro, Teixeira Soares e Imbituva, região centro-sul do Paraná. A amostra foi dividida em 25 unidades amostrais (conglomerados) de 100 m x 100 m (1 ha), subdivididas em quatro subunidades de 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha), e estas subdivididas em cinco faixas de controle de 10 m x 50 m, totalizando 20 faixas de 0,05 ha, onde cada indivíduo arbóreo foi numerado, identificado, mapeado, e medido o dap ≥ 10 cm. O incremento médio anual para as espécies Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Cedrela fissilis Vell. e Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso foi de 0,18 cm ano-1, 0,22 cm ano-1 e 0,24 cm ano-1, respectivamente. O incremento médio anual por classe diamétrica, apresentou na classe nove (centro de classe 95) 0,49 cm ano-1. Houve um decréscimo de 3,16% no número de indivíduos entre o período analisado. Foram utilizados quatro funções de densidade de probabilidade (Meyer Tipo I, II, Weibull 2 e 3 parâmetros) para ajustar a distribuição diamétrica para as espécies Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis Ocotea porosa. Na análise de agrupamento foi utilizado o método aglomerativo hierárquico e a similaridade entre as parcelas pelo método da distância euclidiana ao quadrado e após obtidos os grupos, foi realizado uma análise discriminante para obter funções discriminantes para classificá-los em gráficos de ordenação e testar a significância dos grupos. O teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicou que a Função de Densidade de Probabilidade Weibull 3p foi a única que seguiu a distribuição especificada (ao nível de probabilidade de 0,95 “α=0,05). O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener variou de 3,23 a 3,27 nats ind.-1, indicando que durante o período houve alterações na diversidade. Na análise de agrupamento, indicou a formação de três grupos florísticos, sendo que o grupo três foi o que apresentou os valores mais distantes de ligação entre os grupos. A distribuição espacial dos indivíduos (Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis e Ocotea porosa) seguiu o padrão agregado. Para detectar em qual nível ocorre a separação do padrão espacial, utilizou-se a função K de Ripley, que tem como característica detectar o ponto máximo em que ocorre o padrão agregado e em seguida apresenta o padrão de completa aleatoriedade espacial. Na estimativa do diâmetro de copa utilizou-se o modelo polinomial do segundo grau, resultando na equação LNDC=0,944+0,04327*DAP+(-0,00024523)*DAP²: apresentando R²= 0,6582, CV%= 5,02 e F= 163,68. O índice de saliência variou de 21 a 37 vezes, ou seja, diâmetro de copa maior que o dap. Os indivíduos localizados muito próximos da árvore objeto exerceram maior influência do que as árvores objeto mais distantes, porém, nesse método de amostragem todos os indivíduos contribuíram para a densidade pontual com suas dimensões e distância. Para um raio de copa de 8 m, os resultados indicaram que a densidade afetou o crescimento (incremento médio anual), indicando que em altas densidades o crescimento é menor e que em geral indivíduos de grande porte se encontram no dossel superior da floresta e se beneficiam da condição de luz direta na copa. A análise multivariada se mostrou adequada para distinguir grupos baseados em níveis de diversidade, sendo uma ferramenta interessante em estudos de manejo e ecologia. As três espécies (Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa e Cedrela) apresentaram variações no padrão de distribuição espacial em função da escala espacial, no número de indivíduos e nas classes de tamanho analisadas. Para a Araucaria angustifolia e a Ocotea porosa o padrão variou de aleatório a agregado, sugerindo que estas espécies apresentam elevada variação em suas abundâncias nas escalas analisadas. Para a Cedrela fissilis o padrão espacial foi aleatório, com tendência regular em pequena escala espacial. O índice de competição foi significativo na análise do incremento em diâmetro para o raio de copa de 8 m, ou seja, em locais com menor índice de competição, apresentou maior incremento em diâmetro. Para raios de copa de 4 e 6 m, o índice não foi significativo, ou seja, a maior competição entre indivíduos, não respondeu positivamente ao incremento.porUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia FlorestalUFSMBrasilRecursos Florestais e Engenharia FlorestalAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessFloresta com araucáriaFitossociologiaManejo florestalAraucaria forestPhytosociologyForest managementCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTALDinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mistaDynamic, competition and spatial distribution in a fragment of mixed ombrophylous forestinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisLonghi, Solon Jonashttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2401814326298046Watzlawick, Luciano FarinhaVaccaro, SandroMüller, IvanorSebem, Elódiohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9815327684330597Lisboa, Gerson dos Santos5002000000036006006006006005b869d78-3de4-41a0-a912-901c39f4f49178974552-efd1-470b-8a41-20329cd8c25d1cf7d7e0-557a-4b34-9350-90cd037a254fd47710b1-2940-4e1e-9cb6-7329df2908767c5cbcc5-8cd8-4073-8cdc-f7caead2a6954cf10520-4415-4931-8798-6c0b83bf010ereponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdfTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdfTese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf4763179http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/1/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf29f1104f8c2bcb7ec4db5d6a8a0c964dMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81956http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/3/license.txt2f0571ecee68693bd5cd3f17c1e075dfMD53TEXTTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.txtTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain449005http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/4/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.txtf50b190db15fc59ba9af3e8934e4cbfeMD54THUMBNAILTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.jpgTES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4753http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/5/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.jpg0b0101d16aca7f28dc89dc0843906cacMD551/213882022-07-04 10:43:35.9oai:repositorio.ufsm.br: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 Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-07-04T13:43:35Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Dynamic, competition and spatial distribution in a fragment of mixed ombrophylous forest |
title |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
spellingShingle |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista Lisboa, Gerson dos Santos Floresta com araucária Fitossociologia Manejo florestal Araucaria forest Phytosociology Forest management CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
title_short |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
title_full |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
title_fullStr |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
title_sort |
Dinâmica, competição e distribuição espacial em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista |
author |
Lisboa, Gerson dos Santos |
author_facet |
Lisboa, Gerson dos Santos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Longhi, Solon Jonas |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2401814326298046 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Watzlawick, Luciano Farinha |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Vaccaro, Sandro |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Müller, Ivanor |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Sebem, Elódio |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9815327684330597 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lisboa, Gerson dos Santos |
contributor_str_mv |
Longhi, Solon Jonas Watzlawick, Luciano Farinha Vaccaro, Sandro Müller, Ivanor Sebem, Elódio |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Floresta com araucária Fitossociologia Manejo florestal |
topic |
Floresta com araucária Fitossociologia Manejo florestal Araucaria forest Phytosociology Forest management CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Araucaria forest Phytosociology Forest management |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL |
description |
The present research analyses the dynamics, competition and spatial distribution of individuals in a fragment of mixed ombrophylous forest, in a monitoring period between 2002 and 2011. The study area is located in National Forest of Irati - PR, between the cities of Irati, Fernandes Pinheiro, Teixeira Soares and Imbituva, mid-south region of the Paraná state. The sample was divided into 25 sample units (conglomerates) of 100 m X 100 m (1 ha), subdivided into four subunits of 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha), and these subdivided in five control ranges of 10 m x 50 m, totaling 20 ranges of 0,05 ha, where each individual tree was numbered, identified, mapped and measured the dbh ≥ 10 cm. The average annual increase for the species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Cedrela fissilis Vell. and Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso was 0.18 cm yr-1, 0.22 cm yr-1 and 0.24 cm yr-1, respectively. The average annual increment by diameter class, presented in class 9 (middle class 95) 0.49 cm yr-1. During the study period, there was a decrease of 3.16% in the number of individuals. Four probability density functions (Meyer Type I, II, Weibull 2 and 3 parameters) were used to adjust the diameter distribution for the species Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis, Ocotea porosa. In the clustering analysis was used hierarchical agglomerative method and the similarity between the parcels by squared Euclidian distance method and after the groups obtained, it was performed a discriminant analysis aiming to obtain discriminant functions to classify them into graphs of ordination and to test the significance of the groups. The adhesion test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov stated that the Probability Density Function Weibull 3p was the one that followed the specified distribution (at the probability level of 0,95 "α = 0,05). The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener ranged from 3.23 to 3.27 nats ind.-1, indicating that during the period there were changes in diversity. In grouping analysis indicated the formation of floristic groups, and the thrird group showed the more distant linking values between the groups. The spatial distribution of individuals (Araucaria angustifolia, Cedrela fissilis and Ocotea porosa) followed the standard aggregate. To detect level at which occurs separation of the spatial pattern, the Ripley's K function was used, which has the characteristic of detect the maximum point which occurs aggregate pattern, then present the complete spatial randomness standard. In estimating crown diameter used the mathematical model of the second degree, resulting in the equation: with R ² = 0.6582, CV% = 5.02 and F = 163.68. The salience index ranged from 21 to 37 times, in other words, crown diameter greater than the dbh. Individuals located very close to the object tree exert greater influence than more distant object trees, but this sampling method all individuals contribute to the punctual density with its size and distance. For a crown radius 8 m, the results indicate that the density affects growth (annual average increase), indicating that the growth at high density is lower, and in general large individuals are in the upper canopy forest and benefit the condition of direct light in the crown. Multivariate analysis was adequate to distinguish groups based on levels of diversity, an interesting tool for studying management and ecology. The three species (Araucaria angustifolia, Ocotea porosa and Cedrela) showed variations in spatial distribution depending on the spatial scale, the number of individuals and size classes considered. For Araucaria angustifoliaand Ocotea porosa the pattern ranged from random to aggregated, suggesting that these species show high variation in their abundances on scales analysed. For Cedrela fissilis the spatial pattern was random, tends to regulate small spatial scale. The index of competition was significant in the analysis increment in diameter to the crown radius of 8 m, ie, in places with the lowest index of competition, showed greater diameter increment. For radius crown of 4 an 6 m, the index was not significant, ie, increased competition between individuals, not responded positively to the increment. |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2014-02-21 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-09T18:04:40Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-09T18:04:40Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21388 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21388 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500200000003 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
5b869d78-3de4-41a0-a912-901c39f4f491 78974552-efd1-470b-8a41-20329cd8c25d 1cf7d7e0-557a-4b34-9350-90cd037a254f d47710b1-2940-4e1e-9cb6-7329df290876 7c5cbcc5-8cd8-4073-8cdc-f7caead2a695 4cf10520-4415-4931-8798-6c0b83bf010e |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/1/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/2/license_rdf http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/3/license.txt http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/4/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.txt http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/21388/5/TES_PPGEF_2014_LISBOA_GERSON.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
29f1104f8c2bcb7ec4db5d6a8a0c964d 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 2f0571ecee68693bd5cd3f17c1e075df f50b190db15fc59ba9af3e8934e4cbfe 0b0101d16aca7f28dc89dc0843906cac |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1793240057486770176 |