Análise econométrica da produtividade total dos fatores na Amazônia Legal, 1990-2004

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Sérgio Castro
• Orientador(a): Braga, Marcelo José
• Banca de defesa: Fontes, Rosa Maria Olivera , Coelho, Alexandre Bragança , Campos, Antônio Carvalho
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Produtividade total dos fatores; Capital humano; Capital social; Dados em painel; Taxa de desmatamento
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Factor total productivity; Human capital; Capital stock; Panel data modelling; Deforestation rate
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA REGIONAL E URBANA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/103

The economic performance of Amazonia Legal and its states is evaluated based on total-factor productivity (TFP) measures obtained by the use of the exogenous growth model formulated by Solow (1956) and by the expanded human capital model proposed by Mankiw et al. (1992). The economic variables taken as proxy of the physical (synthetic quantitative index), human (years of schooling), social (number of new co-operatives), natural (deforestation rate) and regional policy tools, FNO and FINAM (fiscal incentive value granted) were analyzed and data were compared with those recorded for the southeastern region. The effect of several factors on the TFP index was analyzed in static and dynamic terms and environmental hypothesis by Kuznets was empirically tested. The methodological tool used to reach the objectives is underlied by the panel data modeling. The Fixed Effects and Random Effects models are evaluated according to tests of specification of random and Hausman effects. For estimation of the regression parameters the within methods for Fixed Effects, MQGF, Fixed Effects with instrumental variables, MQ2E and MMG are used, applied to the dynamic panel data model. The most outstanding results obtained were: significant evidences found in the positive relation between each one of the human, social, natural and physical capitals and TFP. FINAM was shown to be negatively correlated with TFP, while FNO was shown to be positively correlated. Increased exploratory activity and mineral transformation, infrastructure construction, and agricultural exports have contributed significantly for maintaining the increasing TFP growth in the region. The low growth of the capital accumulation rate is due to a large extent to credit reduction for the productive sector, despite the high return rate of the physical capital for the region. The rising TFP growth path in the Amazonia Legal, for the 1990-2004 is a result of the macroeconomic conditions imposed by the national economic scenario. The Amazon regional aspects related to human capital indicate that the number college educated people must increase and that the number of illiterate people must be reduced to allow the maintenance of the physical capital high return rates since the technological advancements associated to physical capital accumulation may not be absorbed by the local labor. The fiscal incentive policies for the Amazon region need to be guided toward investments allowing: physical capital expansion, improved human capital qualification, rational use of the renewable and non-renewable natural resources and promotion of the networking indispensable for virtual growth. There are evidences that natural capital abundance in the region is important to its economic growth. As the natural capital is abundant in the region, the companies are not being able to incorporate in their costs the damages caused by the use of the natural resources. That is why it is important to improve the environmental policy as a form of establishing the social value of the natural good so as to modify the allocation of resources by the companies using the natural resources in their production processes. The relation between per capita income and deforestation rate, fit by a non-linear model, shows significant evidences leading to the acceptance of the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets for the Amazon region.