Efeito de fungos da podridão branca sobre a qualidade nutricional de resíduos agroindustriais ligninocelulósicos

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Bento, Cláudia Braga Pereira
• Orientador(a): Mantovani, Hilário Cuquetto
• Banca de defesa: Passos, Flávia Maria Lopes , Nascimento, Antonio Galvão do
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola
• Departamento: Associações micorrízicas; Bactérias láticas e probióticos; Biologia molecular de fungos de interesse
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Resíduos ligninocelulósicos; Fungos da podridão branca; Qualidade nutricional; Digestibilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Lignocellulosic residues; White rot fungi; Nutritional quality; Digestibility
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA::MICROBIOLOGIA APLICADA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5296

The increase in world population demands ever more food and consumer goods, with a consequent increase in the production of agroindustrial residues natives from logging, alcohol fuel plants and industries for beneficiary eligibility of agricultural products. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of white rot fungi to decompose of lignocellulosic substrates, but the use of such residues in ruminant diets has not been properly examined. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of agroindustrial residues (eucalyptus bark, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, corn kernels, coffee bark, coconut fiber and lump of cotton) inoculated with white rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes), and determine the activity of cellulase, xylanase and laccase in ruminal fluid incubated in vitro with corn kernels or sugarcane bagasse ground at different particle sizes. When the residues were treated with L. edodes the content of CP in eucalyptus bark increased 91 % and 78 % in the treatments added with rice bran or urea, respectively. The content of ADL decreased 70% in fructified sawdust added with rice bran compared to the controls. The NDF of sugarcane bagasse decreased 5 % when added with rice bran and 21 % when added with urea. When the residues were treated with P. ostreatus the levels of CEL and ADL of eucalyptus bark decreased 22 % and 137 %, respectively. With sawdust, the concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased 19 % and 27 %, respectively, after fruit body formation. The EE increased 402 % in sugarcane bagasse treated with P. ostreatus. With corn kernels, the content of ash increased 130 % compared to controls in the treatment showing fruit body formation. There was a reduction of 60 % in the LDA content of coffee barks after fructification. Fungus fructification in the coconut fiber reduced the levels of LDA and CEL in 25 % and 20 %, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments for CP, ADF, CEL, HEM and ADL contents in the lump of cotton. However, there was significant difference in IVDMD between the enriched fructified substrates treated with L. edodes. An average increase 111 % and 98 % was observed for the fructified fungus added with rice bran or urea, respectively, compared to controls. The biggest increase in IVDMD after fructification in residues treated with P. ostreatus was obtained for the eucalyptus bark (200 %), followed by corn kernels (67 %) and sugar cane bagasse (13 %). The highest cellulase activity in corn kernels residues was obtained when using particles with a diameter of 0.6 mm. The xylanase activity was higher than the activity of cellulase for all treatments and sizes of particles tested. The particle size of 0.6 mm in the inoculated treatment yielded maximum xylanase activity after 48 hours of incubation (118.17 U/mL). The activity of cellulase in sugarcane bagasse was superior for all treatments and particle sizes when compared to corn kernels residues. The highest activity of xylanase (78.89 U/mL) in the fructified sugarcane bagasse was obtained after 48 hours of incubation and particles size of 0.6 mm. The changes in chemical composition and IVDMD showed that L. edodes (UFV 73) and P. ostreatus (PLO 06) could improve the nutritional quality of ruminant rations by increasing the content of CP and IVDMD and reducing the levels of NDF, ADF and ADL of agroindustrial residues, allowing its use in ruminant rations.