Utilização de zonas de manejo para a produção de soja no cerrado brasileiro

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Bottega, Eduardo Leonel
• Orientador(a): Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de
• Banca de defesa: Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães , Lima, Paulo César de , Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Inácio
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Agricultura de precisão; Produtividade agrícola; Solo - Manejo; Solos - Propriedades elétricas; Soja
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Precision Agriculture; Agricultural productivity; Solo - Management; Soil - Electrical properties; Soybean
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/780

Prior knowledge of spatial variability of soil properties related to crop yield it is an important tool used in precision farming techniques. The Brazilian savannah has great potential for use of precision farming techniques, and the variability of soybean production fields observed in the main determining factor for adoption of these. The definition of zones for different soil fertility management in this context stands out because it can contribute to increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use, reducing costs and increasing productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the delimitation of site-specific management, its stability over the years and the reflections of their use on soybean yield in a farm field in the Brazilian savannah. In an agricultural area of 47 ha, located in the Brazilian savannah, 160 sampling points were a spatial distribution, on a regular grid of 50 x 50 m, which was quantified in soil particle size and measured is the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). The study was conducted for three growing seasons 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. In the first harvest, site specific management delineation based on measurements of ECa, this attribute that best classified the productivity of this crop were established. To delineation the site-specific management, the ECa were grouped using the fuzzy k-means algorithm. In subsequent harvests soil fertility was managed according to the chemical characterization of each site-specific management. Withdrew in each site-specific, ten simple random samples, these samples were homogenized and a sample of each class was sent for laboratory analysis. Soybean yield was mapped in all harvests, the first being that the management of soil fertility was performed in a conventional manner and in the other, meeting the needs of the site specific management defined. We conducted the analysis of the temporal variability of yield and classification of this due to its consistency over the years, depending on the coefficient of variation of each grid (5 x 5 m) of the thematic map of spatial distribution. The stability assessment of site specific management generated in the first harvest was performed by measuring it ECa the following crops and comparing the new zone maps with that adopted in the first year using the kappa coefficient rankings. The definition of site specific management based on the mapping of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) showed the highest Kappa coefficient with soybean yield in the study area, showing the potential of this tool in precision agriculture. The apparent soil electrical conductivity showed a positive and significant correlation when compared for different years of study. The map consists of two site specific management, created in 2012 and adopted for soil fertility management in crop area 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, remained stable, according to the Kappa coefficient . The use of the Kappa coefficient was found to be a promising tool for analyzing the stability of site specific management. The site specific management provided by increase in soybean yield area. It was found that 1.2% of the area showed stable yield over the three years of evaluation (CV>30%). The soil fertility management using site specific generated from the measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity tended to become stable productivity in the study area.