Amadurecimento pós-colheita de frutos de macaúba e qualidade do óleo para a produção de biodiesel

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Goulart, Samuel de Melo
• Orientador(a): Grossi, José Antônio Saraiva
• Banca de defesa: Mota, Clenilso Sehnen
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Plantas oleaginosas; Macaúba; Acrocomia aculeata; Pós-colheita; Armazenamento; Biodiesel
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Oilseeds; Macaw palm; Acrocomia aculeata; Post-harvest; Storage; biodiesel
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4633

The macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Martius] is a promising species as a source of raw material for biodiesel production due to high productivity in oil, the possibility of full use of its fruit and its adaptability to different biomes. Due to the extractive system of exploitation of the species practiced until today, information regarding post-harvest and its effects on oil quality, physiological behavior, as well as the ideal harvest are nonexistent. Likewise, there are no storage methods developed for macaw palm fruits. Knowledge of respiratory pattern of fruit after harvest is of fundamental importance in the development of storage technologies that allow the manteinance of the oil quality. This study aimed to determine the postharvest respiratory pattern and evolution of ethylene in macaw palm fruits, evaluate the quality of mesocarp oil, firmness of mesocarp and quantify the mass loss of fruits during storage. The physical and chemical parameters of fruit quality and mesocarp oil during storage were evaluated in the experiment 1. In order to stimulate the emergence of respiratory and ethylene peaks, we proceeded to the application of Ethrel (experiment 2) and acetylene (Experiment 3), in fruit harvested at different ages (days after anthesis - DAA), followed by fruits storage. The evolution of gases (CO2 and ethylene), the oil content in the mesocarp, acidity and oxidative stability of the oil, the water content in the oil, the firmness of mesocarp and mass loss were evaluated. The fatty acid profile was determined in experiment 3 in fruits harvested at 433 DAA. The emergence of CO2 and ethylene peaks during storage were observed, both in experiment 2 and 3, which is a typical behavior of climacteric fruits. The fatty acid profile is dominated by unsaturated compounds, especially oleic acid. The oil content in the mesocarp rose along with the harvest date and the period of storage, and a beneficial effect of acetylene in oil yield was observed in fruits harvested at 328 and 418 DAA at 10 and 20 days of storage respectively. At 343 and 403 DAA, xivrespectively at 0 and 20 days of storage, the use of acetylene reduced mesocarp oil yield. The acidity of the oil and oxidative stability were affected by the age of the fruit and the period of storage, keeping in most cases within acceptable limits when fruits were stored at 25 ° C. The application of Ethrel did not affect the oil accumulation during storage. The effect of acetylene was dependent on the age and storage period considered. The application of acetylene promoted greater softening of the mesocarp of the fruit. There was mass loss during storage, which was most prominent in fruits of greater age.