Efeitos da heterogeneidade institucional sobre o comércio bilateral de produtos agropecuários, 2005 a 2009

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Mendonça, Talles Girardi de
• Orientador(a): Lírio, Viviani Silva
• Banca de defesa: Souza, Maurício Jorge Pinto de , Rocha, Luiz Eduardo de Vasconcelos , Gomes, Marília Fernandes Maciel
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Instituições; Setor agropecuário; Modelos gravitacionais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Institutions; Agricultural sector; Gravity models
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/144

There is a growing perception on international trade literature about the importance given to institutions in determining trade flows. Good quality institutional infrastructure is associated with lower transaction costs among market participants and, therefore, with market efficiency. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the effect of domestic institutions and institutional differences between countries on trade flows of agricultural products. Additionally, we sought to determine to what extent institutional diversity has limited the gains from trade promoted by regional agreements. The analysis was carried out through the estimation of gravity models in which variables were included to represent the quality of institutions and institutional disparity between countries and its effect on regional trade agreements results. The sample used in this study included 83 countries and a 5 year period (2005-2009). Using these information, country-pair combinations were made and resulted in 34,030 observations of which 5,513 were zero trade flows. The method used to estimate the equations was the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) model. The results indicated that the quality of domestic institutions has no significant effect on trade flows of agricultural products, although the signs of the coefficients have presented the expected sign. The disparity of the institutions represented by dummies for different levels of institutional diversity (one, two and three standard deviations) presented significant and negative effect for two deviations. The coefficient of the dummy for heterogeneity greater than one standard deviation was negative, but not significant. Besides, a continuous variable was included to represent the institutional differences between countries and its coefficient was negative and significant. These results suggest that institutional differences between countries contributed to raise transaction costs, reducing agricultural trade. Finally, interactions between the dummies for institutional difference and regional trade agreement were used in order to assess the effect of institutional heterogeneity on trade flows. The results indicated that institutional differences greater than two deviations limited the results of regional trade agreements. Therefore, although the quality of domestic institutions has not presented a significant effect on trade flows of agricultural products, the institutional disparity between countries has contributed to reduce trade and limits the gains from regional agreements.