Níveis de inclusão de L-Glutamina em dietas para juvenis de trairão (Hoplias lacerdae)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Ramos, Alfredo Rubén Palomino
• Orientador(a): Salaro, Ana Lúcia
• Banca de defesa: Veras, Galileu Crovatto
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Biologia Animal
• Departamento: Biologia e Manejo animal
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Trairão (Peixes); Nutrição animal; Aminoácido; Desempenho; Peixe - Histologia; Peixe - Crescimento; Peixe - Absorção
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Trairao (fish); Animal nutrition; amino acid; Performance; Fish - Histology; Fish - Growth; Fish - Absorption
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2298

The determination of nutritional requirements of amino acids for each animal species, and their effects on growth and body composition, as well as on meat quality, is of fundamental importance to establish diets of high nutritional value. Glutamine is an amino acid of the group of non-essential amino acids, due to the capacity animals have to synthesize it. Recent studies evidenced that glutamine may be considered conditionally essential, in other words, essential when fish are subjected to situations of challenges, in which high protein degradation occurs. Glutamine participates in important metabolic functions such as the synthesis of the nucleotides purine and pyrimidine, the transport and donation of nitrogen, the regulation of acid-base balance, the tissue integrity and stimulates muscle protein synthesis. Glutamine is also active in the development of intestinal cells by stimulating the development of the villi, and promoting an increase in the contact surface of the intestine, improving digestion and absorption of nutrients by the intestine and consequently the weight gain of the animals. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of L- glutamine in diets for juvenile giant trahira (Hoplias lacerdae). This project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use, Federal University of Viçosa CEUA/UFV, as part of Case No. 24/2013. It was used a completely randomized design with six treatments (0.0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0; and 10.0 g/kg of L-glutamine) and five replicates. Five hundred and ten giant trahira juvenile with an average weight of 1.69 ± 0.10 g and average length of 4.67 ± 0.10 cm, previously trained to accept artificial diets, were divided into 30 circular xivpolyethylene tanks (100 L) containing 20 liters of water, in recirculating system, at a density of 0.85 fish/liter. Fish from different treatments were fed to satiation during the hours of 8, 12 e 18 h. At the end of the experiment, 12 weeks, the following fish growth performance were analyzed: survival rate, weight gain, length gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, length and final weight uniformity, carcass yield, intestine weight, and viscerossomatic, hepatosomatic and intestinesomatic index. The chemical composition of the diets and fish whole-body was assessed in relation to content of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total ash and crude energy, and the amino acid profile of the diets. Intestine samples of fish were collected for histomorphometric analysis, which was measured the thickness of the tunica muscularis, and measurements height, base thickness and median thickness of the villi, in the middle and posterior portion of the intestine. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (5%) and in the case of significant differences, polynomial regression analysis (5%) was performed. There was no significant difference between the dietary L-glutamine levels and the growth performance and chemical composition of the fish whole-body. There was a quadratic effect only for villi height of the middle portion and the thickness of the tunica muscularis of the two portions of the intestine. Glutamine levels that yielded the highest values for these parameters were estimated at 5.42 g/kg, 5.40 g/kg and 5.21 g/kg, respectively. It is concluded that the supplementation of L-glutamine for giant trahira juveniles is in the range of 5.21 to 5.42 g/kg.