Alterações físicas e químicas e mobilidade de solutos em solos submetidos à aplicação de vinhaça proveniente da fabricação de álcool carburante

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Gariglio, Helder Antonio de Aquino
• Orientador(a): Matos, Antonio Teixeira de
• Banca de defesa: Sediyama, Maria Aparecida Nogueira , Neves, Júlio César Lima , Borges, Alisson Carraro
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vinhoto; Águas residuárias; Fertirrigação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Distillery by-products; Vinasse; Wastewater; Fertirrigation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE AGUA E SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3525

Vinasse is one of the prime residues from alcohol and sugarcane rum production and it shows acid PH, high temperature and raised high concentration of potassium and organic matter, being generated in a proportion of 10 and 15 L to each liter of alcohol production, and 5 to 6 L in the production of sugarcane rum. The experience of vinasse fertirrigation demands caution due to the possible occurrences of physical and chemical changes in the soils, as well as of contamination of the underground water, both resulting from the inadequate dosages of such wastewater. The aim of this work, composed of two experiments, was to evaluate the effects of vinasse usage in the physical and chemical properties of three soil categories representing the areas of sugarcane production in the state of Minas Gerais - Brasil. The first experiment, which followed a completely randomized design, repeated three times in the factorial scheme 3x5 (three soil categories and 5 vinasse dosages), was performed at the vegetation house adjoining the Laboratory of Hydraulics of the Department of Agricultural Engineering - DEA/UFV. Vinasse dosages of 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 m3⋅ha-1 were applied to samples of the samples of the soils LVd, LVef e LVAad kept in 2L containers. From this material, which was held for 20 days in incubation, samples were later removed to be subjected to chemical analyses (K, Na, Ca, Mg, NT, Al3+, H+Al, CTCefet, CTCpH7, organic matter content, values of the PH), as well as to physical analyses (electric conduction, water-retaining power and water-dispersed clay). For the second experiment, performed at the Laboratory of Soils and Solid Residues of DEA/UFV, columns of the three soils were used to determine the drifting parameters of the K, Ca and Mg in the same soils, having the retardation factors and the dispersion-diffusion coefficients been determined by the computational program DISP. It follows that the us of vinasse presented changes in the analysed variables, with the exception of the MO and NT, seeing that based upon the acquired values, a growing and significant potassium occupation of the soil exchange sites in all soils could be certified. The assays performed in the percolation columns testified the great displacement of the magnesium belonging to the soil, this displacement being achieved by the usage of potassium via vinasse. Based upon the final results, we can recommend the revaluation of the current environmental legislation of Minas Gerais, in what pertains to this subject, attention being kept on the great risk offered by the dosage therein established.