Heterogeneidade vertical da ploidia de DNA em calos de Passiflora cincinnata analisada por citometria de fluxo

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Thaís Cristina Ribeiro da
• Orientador(a): Carvalho, Carlos Roberto de
• Banca de defesa: Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Citometria de fluxo; Nível de ploidia; Embriogênese somática; Calos; Passifllora cincinnata
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Flow cytometry; Ploidy level; Somatic embryogenesis; Calluses; Passifllora cincinnata
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4770

Tissue culture techniques are often associated with the occurrence of somaclonal variation, characterized by a genetic/epigenetic alteration found in cells, embryos, organs or in vitro grown plants, due to stress conditions imposed by the system. The propagation process involving the calogenesis step has a higher susceptibility to variation, because of many cell divisions. Calli are disorganized cell masses, whose cells divide at different rates depending on where they are located in relation to the culture medium, therefore, they are not considered homogeneous materials. Flow cytometry is a tool that has been used to evaluate the competence of somatic embryogenesis in callus, both to identify the different types as possible and to detect early changes in DNA content of their cells. However, there are no reports in the literature of the flow cytometry use to determine the existence of heterogeneity in relation to the DNA content in callus. In this perspective, the present work adapted this methodology for friable Passiflora cincinnata calli in order to verify the existence of vertically regionalized heterogeneity in relation to DNA ploidy level, and relate it to factors inductors of somaclonal variation, such as cultivation time and subculture numbers. Initially, P. cincinnata cotyledonary leaves were inoculated onto semi-solid medium containing 2, 4-D and BA, for friable embryogenic callus induction. The calli were multiplied and subcultured at different times, thus generating three callus types: new, intermediate and old. Twenty calli of each type were subjected to sagittal cuts resulting two layers (I, II) in new calli, and three layers (I, II and III) in intermediate and old calli, totalizing 160 layers, which were analyzed by flow cytometry. Six different DNA ploidy levels and multiploidies were detected in the layers. In new calli, 25% were heterogeneous, i.e. at least one callus layer showed different DNA ploidy level from the others, differently from intermediate and old calli, which 75% and 63% were heterogeneous, respectively. The homogeneous new calli were predominantly diploid. The highest DNA ploidy levels were observed in the layers in contact with the culture medium on intermediate calli, and 4C and 4C/8C cells were more evident in older calli. These observations suggest that the appearance of new DNA ploidy levels between the layers and between the different callus types is related to the exposure time to the medium containing relatively high concentration of 2,4-D. It was also possible to verify that the layer in contact with the culture medium is more proliferative when compared the percentages of the G2 peaks in homogeneous diploid calli. The heterogeneity in DNA ploidy level between the layers was observed, and it implies that parts of a callus cannot infer about a whole callus. This work suggests that time influences the appearance of different DNA ploidy levels in calli induced in vitro.