Os biocombustíveis afetam a segurança alimentar no Brasil? Discussão e abordagem quantitativa

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Alexandre Navarro da
• Orientador(a): Perez, Ronaldo
• Banca de defesa: Siqueira, Kennya Beatriz , Cruz, Cosme Damião
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Segurança alimentar - Brasil; Alimentos - Consumo; Nutrição; Biocombustível - Produção
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Food security - Brazil; Food - Consumption; nutrition; Biofuel - Production
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/505

Food security in Brazil is a relatively unexplored subject, although of major importance. This theme has been much discussed in the literature and shows that many factors can affect the food security of a region. Some research has shown that biofuels affect food security very closely, but there is no consensus whether this influence is positive or negative, since the political and economic situation of the evaluated region is a major factor in this statement. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether biofuels production affect food security of the population; and the possibility to estimate the body mass index (BMI) of the population, by means of the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF), that is a family budget survey and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Dmicílios (PNAD), that is a national household survey, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) techniques. Thus, it was identified that the main food items consumed by the Brazilian population are: rice, wheat, sugar, cassava, beans, soybean oil, chicken, beef and milk, making up about 80% of daily caloric intake. The results obtained in the analyzed food security dimensions (availability, access and utilization) show that there is food supply in quantity and price compatible with the purchasing power of the population in terms of production and improving family income in Brazil and that the pattern of food consumption of the population had minor changes, but not significant to compromise the consumption. Therefore, there was no threat to food security of the population in the five major regions of the country. This situation indicates that the introduction of biodiesel and the strengthening of fuel ethanol in the Brazilian energy matrix do not promote any threat to food security of the population. The prediction of BMI by PNAD was not possible, and was observed that the mean values, variances and the frequency distribution of the values of each of the variables analyzed showed values very close to each other, for all BMI classes and major region of the country. Therefore, food security of Brazilians may mask nutritional insecurity that the country is experiencing. The instruments currently used in POF do not allow the classification of people, indirectly, by means of the BMI, making it impossible to follow up on this important measure annually. Specific measures of food security and also of closely related variables to BMI should be collected, for better monitoring of food and nutrition security of the population.