Adubação verde com leguminosas em complementação à adubação orgânica ou mineral em cafeeiros

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Araujo, João Batista Silva
• Orientador(a): Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
• Banca de defesa: Caballero, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga , Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Crotalaria juncea; Canavalia ensiformis; 15N
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Crotalaria juncea; Canavalia ensiformis; 15N
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1182

The recycling of nutrients through organic manure and Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) by legumes, contribute to the productive system. However, coffee response to these fertilizers is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Crotalaria juncea (CJ) on growth and N-legume uptake by coffee trees fertilized with different doses of organic compost; and to evaluate the effect of jack bean (FP) on growth and N-legume uptake by coffee tree. Two experiments were conducted at Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG and deployed in February/March 2009 with cv. Oeiras. Legumes were grown with or without enrichment with 15N. Legumes 15N labeled were grown in pots fertilized with ammonium sulphate enriched with 2% 15N a.e. (15N-CJ and 15N-FP). In Experiment-1 (Exp-1) was a randomized block design in a 4x2 factorial scheme with four replicates. Coffee plants were grown under field conditions and fertilized with organic compost at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended N, and CJ at doses of 0 and 450 g of dry matter per plant. Sun hemp was applied in two consecutive years under the canopy of coffee trees. The labeled sun hemp was applied in micro plots with two coffee plants. Experiment-2 (Exp-2) was in randomized block design with six treatments, and four replicates. Crops were grown in pots of 60 liters. FP dry matter was applied at rates of 146 g (FP-1) and 584 g (FP-2) per pot on two years. The treatments were: 1) 100% of mineral fertilizer (100-AM), 2) 30% of mineral fertilizers (30-AM), 3) 30-AM + 15N-FP-1 in year 1; 4) 30-AM + 15N-FP-2 in year 1; 5) 30-AM + 15N-FP-1 in year 2; 6) 30-AM + 15N-FP-2 in year 2. The amounts of N at 100% AM in both experiments corresponded to 30 and 21 g/plant, post- planting fertilization in the first and second year respectively. We evaluated the vegetative growth in height, diameter, number of branches, number of nodes per branch and number of leaves per branch. We evaluated the productivity and quality of coffee in relation to sieve; foliar N and percentage of N derived from legume (N-leg) in coffee leaf in April-June- December/2010 and April/2011, the half-life of dry matter and N remaining in sun hemp, and nutrient levels in soil. In Exp-1, coffee plants had a higher growth with increasing doses of compost or sun hemp; there was a positive response to increasing doses of the compost in all soil variables; both the compost as crotalaria increased foliar N in trees; the foliar concentrations of N-leg of CJ applied Jan/2010 decreased from 9.96% to 6.08% with increasing doses of compost, but with CJ applied Dec/2010 levels were 17.93% and independent of the dose of compost. The t1/2 of sun hemp N was 32.4 days. In Exp-2, until 20 months after implantation, coffee plants showed no differential response to mineral fertilization compared to mineral fertilizer supplemented with FP; the average foliar concentrations of N-leg of the FP in April-June/2010, were 4.68% and 18.65% in respective doses of 148 and 584 g/pot. At flowering, coffee plants have not increased production in response to supplementation of the compost with CJ shoots. Increased doses of compost promotes elevation of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, sum of bases, effective CEC, base saturation and organic matter, and reduction of potential acidity. The sun hemp allows complementation of the organic compost in N supply. Foliar N-leg independent of compost doses, with sun hemp applied to coffee plants about two months after the compost. The completion of mineral fertilizer with FP shoot promoted increases in Ca2 +, sum of bases, effective CEC, organic matter and coffee yield in relation to exclusive mineral fertilization. Fertilizer with FP shoot may partially meet the need for N by coffee plants, and the N-leg are proportional to the given dose.