Produção de feijão-caupi e levantamento fitossociológico na savana de Roraima

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Melo, Djair Alves de
• Orientador(a): Sediyama, Tocio
• Banca de defesa: Uchôa, Sandra Cátia Pereira , Albuquerque, José de Anchieta Alves de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Feijão-caupi - Cultivo; Flora amazônica; Glyphosato; Savana; Sustentabilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Cowpea - Cultivation; Amazonian flora; Glyphosato; Savannah; Sustainability
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1245

This study aims to evaluate the production of Cowpea cultivar Aracê and perform the phytosociological survey of spontaneous plants before and after planting of cowpea, in the first year of agricultural exploitation, in a savannah from Roraima state. The variables related to the components of Cowpea production and the phytosociological survey of the spontaneous plants were evaluated in six treatments, randomized blocks with a design in factorial scheme (3 x 2) with four repetitions. The first factor corresponded to natural vegetation management: with the application of glyphosate herbicide; with and without the natural vegetation. The second factor was the application of manure (with and without application of cow manure). The evaluated components of Cowpea production were: plant height, number of leaves Three leaves), percentage of normal pods, pod length; number of grains per pod; mass of 100 grains; grain index, total grain index, final stand and productivity of dry beans. It has been noticed that the natural savannah vegetation management of Roraima, in the opening area, adding cattle manure was favorable to an increase in the growth and development of the Cowpea. The final stand of the culture was better when they added the manure in the area where the handling with the cutting of spontaneous plants was made, regarding the management without cutting. This provided greater number of Cowpea plants per hectare. The application of glyphosate in order to dry out the natural savannah vegetation favored increasing the productivity of grain. To perform the phytosociological survey was considered: frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, abundance, relative abundance, importance value index (IVI, %) and relative importance. Spontaneous plants were distributed into nine families, 14 genera and 15 species. The family with the highest number of species was Fabaceae and the family with the largest number of individuals per species was the Poaceae. The predominant Botany class was Dicotyledon with 73% of the Plant species found. The Poaceae was the family with greater representativeness, considering the number of individuals with 51.6%. The species Axonopus aureus and Trachypogon plumosus presented the highest values for the IVI, with 77.44 and 68.79 %, respectively. For the relative importance, the species that stood out was the Axonopus aureus with 25.81%. The weed sampling was conducted 100 days after planting the Cowpea. On this occasion, the evaluations were the same used for the spontaneous plants before planting the Cowpea. It was found nine genera and 11 species of weeds. In the evaluated treatments, the family with the highest number of species was Fabaceae. The predominant Botany class was Dicotyledon with 64 % of the species. The species Trachypogon plumosus and Axonopus aureus were present in all parameters evaluated. The arising of a new species Emilia fosbergii occurred in the treatments with glyphosate. The species Cissampelos ovalifolia, Davilla aspera, Eugenia puniccifolia and Palicourea rígida were suppressed after treatment with glyphosate, independent of the presence of cow manure. For the Importance value index, Evolvulus sericeus and Emilia fosbergii were the species with greater representativeness, respectively, in the treatments with glyphosate.