Novo marco regulatório para a partilha da compensação financeira pelo uso da água para geração de energia elétrica

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Angelo Marcos Santos
• Orientador(a): Ribeiro, Carlos Antônio Alvares Soares
• Banca de defesa: Costa, Luiz Cláudio , Nacif, Antonio de Pádua
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Ciência Florestal
• Departamento: Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Compensação financeira; Justiça social; Recursos hídricos; Bacia hidrográfica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Financial compensation; Social justice; Water resources; Watershed
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/586

This research puts forward a new procedure as for the sharing of the financial rewards for the use of water for generating electric power. The new model consolidates the figure of water provider and creates an opportunity for the back-payment for environmental services rendering. The analysis developed for the Três Marias hydroelectric power plant, which is located in the state of Minas Gerais, points out a serious distortion in the procedure adopted in Brazil for the apportioning of such resources: far from repairing the financial loss supposedly attributed to municipalities which had their lands flooded by hydroelectric reservoirs, the present policy reveals itself as a perverse one and promotes, above all, wealth concentration, increasing the gaps in the regional non-symmetrical wealth distribution. The spatialization of the electric power production factors within the Três Marias dam's watershed, based on the relative participations of both rate of flow of water and head of water in the process of electric power generation, makes it clear that only 12% of the generated electricity is due, in fact, to the area taken by its reservoir; the remaining 88% comes from rates of flow of water originated in the upper regions of the watershed. Despite the dam's reservoir surface occupying mere 2% of the nearly 51.000km2 of the watershed, the current policies controlling the sharing of the financial rewards for the use of water contemplates just the eight municipalities intercepted by the reservoir. The remaining 102 municipalities belonging to the Três Marias drainage area contribute with almost 90% to the total of generated energy, not profiting from such contribution, thou. If, on the one hand, the watersheds committees enforce the payment for the consumptive use of water, allowing for the optimum allocation of such scarce resource among competitive activities, on the other hand it would be only fair that the water parcel produced in a certain region be rewarded on the same basis, thus giving the due credits to those who produce it. With this new approach, encouraging rational use and preservation of water in rural areas is aimed, fostering preservation and reclamation plans of these lands, with permanent preservation areas as a priority.