Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal
Ano de defesa: | 2007 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Doutorado em Fitotecnia
|
Departamento: |
Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1268 |
Resumo: | The research aimed to study coffee plants behavior under conditions of competition for light and nutrients, and to assess the effect of tree presence on microclimatic and soil factors that help to explain coffee plant behavior in agroforestry systems. This work also explores the potential contribution of nutrients from Senna macranthera either through litter fall or green leaves deposition. Three experiments were carried out, one in experimental station and two in a coffee small farm. The first experiment consists in simulating the competition for photosintetically active radiation (PAR) and nutrient in an agroforestry system along six years from 2001 to 2006. The plant development and leaf area were measured twice in a year, at the end of the highest and of the lowest period of growth. Coffee production was measured during the months of harvest. There was no effect of the fertilizer levels on the measured variables. Both development and production characteristics showed effect of the shade level since 2004. Between 2004 and 2006 the plants presented higher number of nodes and leaf area with the increase of the shading. There was also more leaf retention during the cold and dry season with shade increase. Shaded plants presented less biannual production than plants under full sun. On the years of high yield, the coffee production decreased with the shade increase. Shaded plants had less fruits and heavier fruits than plants under full sun. Shade plants suffered morphological modifications related to the adaptation to the low radiation conditions. Despite these modifications, shade plants were less productive than plants under full sun. On the experiments carried out on the coffee grower farm, forty coffee plants were marked and were determinate concentric circles around each coffee plant from 0 to 3 m, 3 to 5 m and 5 to 7 m. In each circle band the tree individuals were counted and identified. Around each coffee plant the litter fall, PAR, soil moisture and P and K soil content were monitored. Coffee yield decreased with the increase of the number of individuals of Schizolobium parahyba (Guapuruvu) between 0 to 7 m from the coffee plants. The increase of the number of individuals of Senna macranthera (Fedegoso) between 3 to 5 m increased coffee yield through the enhance of soil moisture due to the shade. Under the local conditions the water availability during the dry season influenced the coffee yield. S. macranthera deposited 12 Kg of dry mass of leaves per individual per year. The period of highest leaf fall was between November and February, when the coffee plants demand for nutrients is higher. The increase of the number of S. macranthera individuals causes an increase of the litter fall mass. The litter fall deposited in the autumn (0 to 3 m) and in the spring (0 to 5 m) increased the coffee yield. Fresh leaves of S. macranthera have shown high N, P, lignin and polyphenol content. Nevertheless, a half of the mass was decomposed after 25 days and a half of the N was released after 29 days. The rain, the low rate C:N of the material and the fact that the residue was in direct contact with soil improved the decomposition and N and K release. Data of 15N dilution suggests that S. macranthera did not present biological fixation of N, at least in the dry season. |
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Jaramillo Botero, Catalinahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739863P3Prieto Martinez, Hermínia Emíliahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788276P4Cecon, Paulo Robertohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T5Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silvahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723069A2Matsumoto, Sylvana Naomihttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780074T6Bernardes, Marcos Silveirahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797814P42015-03-26T12:44:07Z2007-12-122015-03-26T12:44:07Z2007-07-18JARAMILLO-BOTERO, Catalina. Shade coffee plants behavior and litter fall dynamics under agroforestry systems conditions. 2007. 87 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1268The research aimed to study coffee plants behavior under conditions of competition for light and nutrients, and to assess the effect of tree presence on microclimatic and soil factors that help to explain coffee plant behavior in agroforestry systems. This work also explores the potential contribution of nutrients from Senna macranthera either through litter fall or green leaves deposition. Three experiments were carried out, one in experimental station and two in a coffee small farm. The first experiment consists in simulating the competition for photosintetically active radiation (PAR) and nutrient in an agroforestry system along six years from 2001 to 2006. The plant development and leaf area were measured twice in a year, at the end of the highest and of the lowest period of growth. Coffee production was measured during the months of harvest. There was no effect of the fertilizer levels on the measured variables. Both development and production characteristics showed effect of the shade level since 2004. Between 2004 and 2006 the plants presented higher number of nodes and leaf area with the increase of the shading. There was also more leaf retention during the cold and dry season with shade increase. Shaded plants presented less biannual production than plants under full sun. On the years of high yield, the coffee production decreased with the shade increase. Shaded plants had less fruits and heavier fruits than plants under full sun. Shade plants suffered morphological modifications related to the adaptation to the low radiation conditions. Despite these modifications, shade plants were less productive than plants under full sun. On the experiments carried out on the coffee grower farm, forty coffee plants were marked and were determinate concentric circles around each coffee plant from 0 to 3 m, 3 to 5 m and 5 to 7 m. In each circle band the tree individuals were counted and identified. Around each coffee plant the litter fall, PAR, soil moisture and P and K soil content were monitored. Coffee yield decreased with the increase of the number of individuals of Schizolobium parahyba (Guapuruvu) between 0 to 7 m from the coffee plants. The increase of the number of individuals of Senna macranthera (Fedegoso) between 3 to 5 m increased coffee yield through the enhance of soil moisture due to the shade. Under the local conditions the water availability during the dry season influenced the coffee yield. S. macranthera deposited 12 Kg of dry mass of leaves per individual per year. The period of highest leaf fall was between November and February, when the coffee plants demand for nutrients is higher. The increase of the number of S. macranthera individuals causes an increase of the litter fall mass. The litter fall deposited in the autumn (0 to 3 m) and in the spring (0 to 5 m) increased the coffee yield. Fresh leaves of S. macranthera have shown high N, P, lignin and polyphenol content. Nevertheless, a half of the mass was decomposed after 25 days and a half of the N was released after 29 days. The rain, the low rate C:N of the material and the fact that the residue was in direct contact with soil improved the decomposition and N and K release. Data of 15N dilution suggests that S. macranthera did not present biological fixation of N, at least in the dry season.O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento das plantas de café sob condições de competição por luz e nutrientes e avaliar o efeito da presença das árvores sobre os principais fatores microclimáticos e de solos, que ajudam a explicar as causas do comportamento das plantas de café em sistema agroflorestais. No trabalho também foi explorado o aporte potencial de nutrientes das árvores de Senna macranthera através da serrapilheira e da deposição de folhas frescas. Para isto foram realizados três experimentos, um realizado em estação experimental e dois, na propriedade de um agricultor familiar da região. No primeiro experimento foram simuladas condições de competição por radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e nutrientes, de um sistema agroflorestal durante seis anos, de 2001 a 2006. Foram realizadas avaliações do crescimento e da área foliar, no final da época de maior e menor crescimento dos cafeeiros durante o ano. A produção por planta foi avaliada durante os meses da safra. Ao longo dos anos não foi observado efeito dos níveis de adubação sobre nenhuma variável e crescimento, desenvolvimento vegetativo ou produção. As características de crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetativo apresentaram efeito dos níveis de sombreamento a partir de 2004. Entre 2004 e 2006 foi observado menor número de nós totais e maior área foliar de ramo e com o aumento do sombreamento. Também foi observada maior retenção de folhas durante a época fria e seca do ano, com o aumento do sombreamento. A bienalidade na produção das plantas de café diminuiu com o aumento do sombreamento. Nos anos de alta produção foi observada diminuição na produção por planta com o aumento do sombreamento. As plantas sombreadas apresentaram menor número de frutos e mais pesados, que as plantas a pleno sol. As plantas de café sofreram modificações morfológicas associadas à adaptação às condições de baixa radiação. Apesar destas modificações houve queda na produção nas plantas sombreadas quando comparadas com as plantas a pleno sol. Nos experimentos realizados na área do agricultor foram marcadas quarenta plantas de café e determinados círculos concêntricos ao redor de cada cafeeiro em intervalos de distância de 0 a 3, 3 a 5 e 5 a 7m. Em cada intervalo de distância foram contados e identificados o número de indivíduos arbóreos de cada espécie. Em cada planta marcada foi avaliada a produção de 2005 e 2006. Na área ao redor de cada cafeeiro foram monitoradas a queda de serrapilheira, a incidência de RFA, a umidade do solo e o teor de P e K do solo. Foi observada diminuição da produção das plantas de café com o incremento do número de indivíduos de Schizolobium parahyba (Guapuruvu) presentes entre 0 e 7 metros de distância dos cafeeiros. O aumento do número de indivíduos de Senna macranthera (Fedegoso) entre 3 e 5m causou o incremento na produção das plantas de café, através do aumento da umidade do solo durante a época seca, causado pelo sombreamento. Os resultados indicam que nas condições locais a disponibilidade de água durante a época seca é determinante para a produção. S. macranthera depositou 12 Kg de MS individuo- 1ano-1 sendo que o período de maior queda de folhas foi entre novembro e fevereiro, quando o café demanda grandes quantidades de nutrientes. Houve efeito do aumento do numero de indivíduos de S. macranthera sobre a quantidade de serrapilheira. A serrapilheira depositada no outono (0 a 3 m) e na primavera (0 a 5 m) causou aumento na produção média dos cafeeiros. As folhas frescas de S. macranthera apresentaram alto teor de N e P assim como de lignina e polifenóis. Apesar disto a metade da massa foi decomposta aos 25 dias e a metade do nitrogênio liberado em 29 dias. A chuva, a baixa relação C:N do material e o fato do material ter sido colocado em contato direto com o solo favoreceram a decomposição e a liberação de N e K. S. macranthera não apresentou evidências de fixação biológica de nitrogênio na época seca.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em FitotecniaUFVBRPlantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita deSombraCompetição por recursosArborizaçãoSerrapilheiraShadeCompetition for resourcesLitter fallCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIAResposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestalShade coffee plants behavior and litter fall dynamics under agroforestry systems conditionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf559388https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1268/1/texto%20completo.pdf94d327c8110d5d7ac9fe94ebfe9ad2d7MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain172425https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1268/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txtb00fd5c41c38a08b308f484099059f2fMD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3612https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1268/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg836f1e9527d0261b8b2a7d10a88a26abMD53123456789/12682017-05-11 09:56:46.921oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/1268Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452017-05-11T12:56:46LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Shade coffee plants behavior and litter fall dynamics under agroforestry systems conditions |
title |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
spellingShingle |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal Jaramillo Botero, Catalina Sombra Competição por recursos Arborização Serrapilheira Shade Competition for resources Litter fall CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA |
title_short |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
title_full |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
title_fullStr |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
title_sort |
Resposta de cafeeiros ao sombreamento e à dinâmica de serrapilheira em condições de sistema agroflorestal |
author |
Jaramillo Botero, Catalina |
author_facet |
Jaramillo Botero, Catalina |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739863P3 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Jaramillo Botero, Catalina |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Prieto Martinez, Hermínia Emília |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788276P4 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Cecon, Paulo Roberto |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T5 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723069A2 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Matsumoto, Sylvana Naomi |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780074T6 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Bernardes, Marcos Silveira |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4797814P4 |
contributor_str_mv |
Prieto Martinez, Hermínia Emília Cecon, Paulo Roberto Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva Matsumoto, Sylvana Naomi Bernardes, Marcos Silveira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sombra Competição por recursos Arborização Serrapilheira |
topic |
Sombra Competição por recursos Arborização Serrapilheira Shade Competition for resources Litter fall CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Shade Competition for resources Litter fall |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA |
description |
The research aimed to study coffee plants behavior under conditions of competition for light and nutrients, and to assess the effect of tree presence on microclimatic and soil factors that help to explain coffee plant behavior in agroforestry systems. This work also explores the potential contribution of nutrients from Senna macranthera either through litter fall or green leaves deposition. Three experiments were carried out, one in experimental station and two in a coffee small farm. The first experiment consists in simulating the competition for photosintetically active radiation (PAR) and nutrient in an agroforestry system along six years from 2001 to 2006. The plant development and leaf area were measured twice in a year, at the end of the highest and of the lowest period of growth. Coffee production was measured during the months of harvest. There was no effect of the fertilizer levels on the measured variables. Both development and production characteristics showed effect of the shade level since 2004. Between 2004 and 2006 the plants presented higher number of nodes and leaf area with the increase of the shading. There was also more leaf retention during the cold and dry season with shade increase. Shaded plants presented less biannual production than plants under full sun. On the years of high yield, the coffee production decreased with the shade increase. Shaded plants had less fruits and heavier fruits than plants under full sun. Shade plants suffered morphological modifications related to the adaptation to the low radiation conditions. Despite these modifications, shade plants were less productive than plants under full sun. On the experiments carried out on the coffee grower farm, forty coffee plants were marked and were determinate concentric circles around each coffee plant from 0 to 3 m, 3 to 5 m and 5 to 7 m. In each circle band the tree individuals were counted and identified. Around each coffee plant the litter fall, PAR, soil moisture and P and K soil content were monitored. Coffee yield decreased with the increase of the number of individuals of Schizolobium parahyba (Guapuruvu) between 0 to 7 m from the coffee plants. The increase of the number of individuals of Senna macranthera (Fedegoso) between 3 to 5 m increased coffee yield through the enhance of soil moisture due to the shade. Under the local conditions the water availability during the dry season influenced the coffee yield. S. macranthera deposited 12 Kg of dry mass of leaves per individual per year. The period of highest leaf fall was between November and February, when the coffee plants demand for nutrients is higher. The increase of the number of S. macranthera individuals causes an increase of the litter fall mass. The litter fall deposited in the autumn (0 to 3 m) and in the spring (0 to 5 m) increased the coffee yield. Fresh leaves of S. macranthera have shown high N, P, lignin and polyphenol content. Nevertheless, a half of the mass was decomposed after 25 days and a half of the N was released after 29 days. The rain, the low rate C:N of the material and the fact that the residue was in direct contact with soil improved the decomposition and N and K release. Data of 15N dilution suggests that S. macranthera did not present biological fixation of N, at least in the dry season. |
publishDate |
2007 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2007-12-12 2015-03-26T12:44:07Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2007-07-18 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:44:07Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
JARAMILLO-BOTERO, Catalina. Shade coffee plants behavior and litter fall dynamics under agroforestry systems conditions. 2007. 87 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1268 |
identifier_str_mv |
JARAMILLO-BOTERO, Catalina. Shade coffee plants behavior and litter fall dynamics under agroforestry systems conditions. 2007. 87 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007. |
url |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1268 |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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Doutorado em Fitotecnia |
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UFV |
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BR |
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Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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