Perdas na colheita mecanizada do milho cultivado em espaçamentos reduzido e convencional

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Loureiro, Danilo Roberto
• Orientador(a): Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos
• Banca de defesa: Vieira, Luciano Baião , Resende, Ricardo Capúcio de , Araújo, Roberto Fontes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Colheita; Perdas; Milho
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Harvesting; Losses; Corn
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MECANIZACAO AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3597

The harvester is one of the most important stages of agricultural activity. The losses in this operation define the success of this activity. The losses occur in the harvester of quantitative way, due to the grains that remained in the field after the operation and also happens in quality due to damage in the grain from the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the losses occurred in the corn mechanized harvester cultivated with conventional and narrow spaces between plants, of 0.90 and 0.45 m, respectively. In narrow row spacing treatments the combine worked fed by two rows of plants between dividers of the harvester header. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), established in the city of Coimbra, MG. The maize cultivar used in this work is the DKB 747. The experimental design was a randomized block with 18 treatments and three replications, where the treatments are a factorial 2 x 3 x 3, with two of the crop row spacings (0.45 m, 0.90 m), three ground speed machine (1.8, 3.5 and 4.1 km h-1) and three and the openings between the hollow cylinder thresher (35, 30 and 25 mm), totaling 54 experimental units. The losses data had been submitted at variance analysis and the averages had been compared using Tukey test, at 5% of probability level. The data of the losses had been submitted variance analysis and the averages had been compared using the Tukey test 5% of probability. The analysis statistics of the data was performance using the computational program SAEG 9.0. The total of the quantitative losses was divided in natural losses, losses in the harvest platform and losses in the internal mechanisms. For the qualitative analysis the germination test was used to compare the mechanical damages suffered by the grains in the mechanized process of harvest with the manual process. The natural losses were higher for plots planted with row spacing of 0.90 m. The speed of 3.5 km h-1 and spacing of 0.90 m between rows had the lowest losses in the harvesting platform. For losses in internal mechanisms, speed of 3.5 km h-1 and the opening of 30 mm between the concave and cylinder thresher provided the greatest total losses. For the spacing of 0.45 m, the total losses were 8.2% of the corn yield, while the spacing of 0.90 m the total losses represented 7.3% of yield. The mean grain germination of thresher manually, cultivated with row spacing of planting of 0.45 and 0.90 m, was 78.45 and 74.12%, respectively. The opening of 25 mm and the ground speed machine of 1.8 km h-1 used in conventional spacing showed lower values of germination. The analysis of germination in the treatments with plant spacing of 0.45 m showed no significant differences when using different combine speeds. The difference between the results of the manual harvest with harvest shows that the mechanical damage in seeds caused by the harvester during the harvest was very intense, preventing the production of seeds.