Recursos genéticos de videira (Vitis spp.): análise da diversidade e caracterização da coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Semi-Árido.

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Leão, Patrícia Coelho de Souza
• Orientador(a): Motoike, Sérgio Yoshimitsu
• Banca de defesa: Viana, Alexandre Pio , Caixeta, Eveline Teixeira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vitis vinifera; Marcadores moleculares; Uvas sem sementes
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Vitis vinifera; Molecular markers; Seedless grapes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1282

The grapevine is the third fruit in economic importance in the world, used as table grape, as well as to produce raisins, wines and juices. The conservation and characterization of the grapevine genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis for the grape breeding programmes, resulting in the development of new cultivars. It is estimated that there are at least 10.000 cultivars of Vitis spp. in germplasm banks around the world. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in the grapevine germplasm collection of Embrapa Semi-Árido in Juazeiro, BA and obtain the fingerprinting for 221 grapevine acessions using microsatellites markers. The multivariate statistics used in this study such as, main components, Tocher, UPGMA and graphic projection of distances, were efficient to cluster the genotypes more similar, according to their phenotypic characteristics, or based on their genealogy and origin. The degree of agreement between the groups obtained by different methods was higher when using the analysis of data from microsatellite molecular markers. The characterization of 202 acessions using morpho- agronomic descriptors resulted in the formation of thirty and twelve groups, respectively, among the table grapes and wine acessions. The table grapes had greater genetic variability than the wine grapes. On the other hand, it was obtained nine and eight groups, respectively for table and wine accessions, by the analysis of the discrete phenotypic descriptors. There was no correlation between the groups obtained by the analysis of discrete and continuous phenotypic descriptors, regardless of the clustering method. A set of 47 acessions of table grapes was analyzed by RAPD and microsatellite molecular markers, and the groups obtained were based on pedigree and origin of the acessions. The microsatellite markers were more efficient than RAPD in identifying the parental/progeny relationship. The information from genetic distance based on morpho-agronomic characteristics and molecular data coupled with agronomic performance of cultivars allowed the recommendation of crosses, in order to obtain superior hybrids in the grape breeding program of Embrapa Semi-Árido. One hundred and eighty-seven grapevine acessions were genotyped with seven microsatellite markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVMD31, VrZAG79 and VrZAG62. The allelic profile were compared with those of the database at the University of California, Davis, used as reference in this work, as well as other international databases. The genotypes were separated into three groups: group 1, was formed by 86 acessions that are properly identified in the collection; group 2, contained 30 genotypes that are not properly identified in the collection and group 3, included 71 unique genotypes, whose fingerprinting was anlyzed for the first time in this work, for which there are not yet available reference allelic profiles in databases and literature consulted. There were ten confirmed cases of synonyms: Tinta Roriz e Tempranillo , Thompson Seedless e Sultanina Branca , Thompson Seedless e Catalunha , Emperatriz e CG28467 , Aurora e IAC 77526 , Damarim e CG 40016 , Dacari e CG 102024 , Moscatuel e CG 102295 , Emperatriz e CG 28467 , Baviera e CG26916 . The indirect analysis based on pedigree has demonstrated the accessions Ângelo Pirovano , BRS Rubea , CG 33716 , Feal e Ferlongo showed allelic profiles different of the profiles of one or both parentals, which means they are not properly identified in the collection. Parentage analysis did confirm the identity of six cultivars (BRS Morena, CG 26858, CG 38049, Marroo Seedless, Moscatel Nazareno, and Reliance), allowing the SSR profiles presented here to be used as a valid reference for these cultivars. The results generated a robust database of microsatellite molecular profiles of 187 genotypes from the grapevine germplasm collection of Embrapa Semi-Arido, which coupled to morphagronomic characterization, provide the necessary information for the cultivars identification. The denomination errors and synonymies identified in this study allow the genetic validation of the genotypes aimed the rational management of the collection and its use for the germplasm exchange and breeding.