Campinaranas amazônicas: pedogênse e relações solo-vegetação

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Mendonça, Bruno Araujo Furtado de
• Orientador(a): Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Inácio
• Banca de defesa: Sarcinelli, Tathiane Santi , Saporetti Junior, Amilcar Walter , Ker, João Carlos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
• Departamento: Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Campinaranas; Amazônia brasileira; Espodossolos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Campinaranas; Brazilian Amazon; Spodosols
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1618

The “Campinarana”, also called “Campina” or “Caatinga Amazônicas”, is an ecosystem of exception, involved by the Amazonian Tropical Forest, in which soil edaphic conditions determines the distribution of phytophysyognomies. The objective of the present work is to study pedological aspects and soil-vegetation relationship of the “Campinaranas” ecosystem. General aspects of the Campinaranas soils are discussed, with emphasis on the relationship between geographic distribution and different parent materials of the western Brazilian Amazon. We characterized and mapped soils and geoenvironmental units of the Viruá National Park and surroundings, and estimated soil carbon stocks. Soil genesis was studied in detail along a typical vegetation gradient within the Campinarana (Forested, Arboreous and woodygrasslands physiognomies). A close association was observed between soil distribution and the occurrence of Campinaranas. Soils formed from different rocks (granites, gnaisses, sandstones) and from distinct pedogenic processes, have similar morphological, chemical and physical characteristics in areas with Campinaranas, being coarse textured and with low natural fertility. The soils studied in PARNA of Viruá have low natural fertility and varying texture, determined by the nature of the parental rocks. The Campinaranas sandy soil complexes and associations represent the most important geoenvironments for the conservation of organic carbon in the soils of PARNA of Viruá. The soils of Campinaranas have evidences of podzolization processes and abrupt changes of properties in short distances. Such characteristics corroborate with the typical oligothrophy of these environments, where the vegetation is open and of lower stature than the surrounding forest. The studied Spodosols have espodic horizons with poorly crystalline phases linked to Al, in soils with humilluvic character. The phytophysiognomies of Campinaranas and open Ombrophilous Forest present very distinct structural characteristics, as well as contrasting differences in the biomass and in the density of species. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed significant differences between the studied phytophysiognomies. The bases sum and soil texture (clay and fine sand content) are the parameters which are most determinant in the distinction of Campinarana and Forests. The separation of the different Campinarana physiognomies was best explained by phosphorous availability.