Variabilidade da condutividade hidráulica e de formas do nitrogênio em sistemas alagados construídos de escoamento horizontal subsuperficial

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Ferres, Gheila Corrêa
• Orientador(a): Matos, Antonio Teixeira de
• Banca de defesa: Monaco, Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo , Rezende, Ana Augusta Passos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sistemas alagados construídos; Condutividade hidráulica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Constructed wetland systems; Hydraulic conductivity
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3612

Constructed wetland systems of horizontal subsurface flow (CW-SSHF) are systems used in wastewater treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess possible changes in hydrodynamic conditions, through analysis of hydraulic conductivity and forms of nitrogen in CW-SSHF. In this study, six CW-SSHF were installed with dimensions of 0.6 m x 0.5 m x 2.0 m in height, width and length, respectively, with no bottom slope, filled with pea gravel and maintained in a greenhouse for the treatment of swine wastewater (ARS). CW-SSHF1 and CW-SSHF4 were not cultivated with any plant species (control), while CW-SSHF2 and CW-SSHF5 were planted with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), and CW-SSHF3 and CW-SSHF6 were planted with Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). During the experimental period six samples were collected of the influent (ARSA) and effluent (ARSE) of each CW-SSHF. Five hydraulic conductivity tests were also conducted along the length of the systems as a function of time, in order to evaluate the effects of vegetation, position and time on this variable. For comparison, hydraulic conductivity was determined in one CW-SSHF filled with pea gravel and submitted to flow of clean water. In all CW-SSHF an average organic loading rate of 411 kg ha-1 d-1 was applied with average flow of 0.069 m3 d-1, where the hydraulic retention time was equal to 3.6 d. The monitoring period was 63 days. At the end of the experiment, the plants were cut and the dry material yield was determined. The analysis of variance of hydraulic conductivity showed that only the interaction of position and vegetation effects was significant at the level of 10% probability. Hydraulic conductivity values in the thirds ranged from 1,392 m d-1 to 2,834 m d-1, where the differences between thirds of the CW-SSHF primarily occurred between the planted and non-planted systems by the Tukey test level 10% probability. All CW-SSHF presented average hydraulic conductivity values less than those obtained the system with clean water, which was 2680 m d-1. Dry matter yields in the different thirds of the bed ranged from 6.0 to 9.8 t ha-1 in the CW-SSHF planted with Tifton 85 and Alligator weed during the growth period of 60 days. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen (NT) and ammonium (N-NH4+) was considered low, ranging from 8 to 15% and 3 to 13%, respectively. Nitrate (N-NO3-) removal efficiency ranged from 45 to 53%. In all cases, the cultivated CW-SSHF showed higher efficiency for nitrogen removal. The CW-SSHF did not provide conditions which favored the occurrence of nitrification/denitrification.