Filogenia de espécies Melipona do complexo Rufiventris, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Pires, Camilla Valente
• Orientador(a): Salomão, Tânia Maria Fernandes
• Banca de defesa: Tavares, Mara Garcia , Oliveira, Luiz Orlando de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Rufiventris; DNA mitocondrial
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Rufiventris; Mitochondrial DNA
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4713

The rufiventris bee complex, tribe Meliponini, is widely distributed within the Brazil. With an extensive geographic distribution, this group may present different ecotypes adapted to different locations. The identification of species of the genus Melipona by morphological characters is not easy. Reported some morphological differences between M. mondury and M. rufiventris, however in individuals of some locations (Goiás, Maranhão, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte), were found characters of both species. Studies with different molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP, PCR-RAPD, microsatellites, ISSR-PCR, Isoenzyme and mtDNA sequencing) showed that most individuals of rufiventris complex examined (north-west of Minas to Maranhão) is not included in any of the patterns described for M. rufiventris and M. mondury. Do these individuals belong to a new specie? Due to the problems related with this genus, it was proposed the use of new tools that provide useful data for a wider discussion about the geographical distribution in the brazilian territory, genetic diversity and taxonomy of the rufiventris. Thus, evaluating rufiventris complex species based on phylogenetic analysis can help to better understand taxonomic issues that still remain unsolved. Worker honeybees of the rufiventris complex were sampled in different locations of the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Maranhão, Ceará, Piauí and Tocantins. Total DNA was extracted, the COICOII region of mtDNA of these bees were amplified, purified, and the cloned vectors were extracted and sequenced. The cytb gene of mtDNA was also amplified, purified and sequenced. The sequences were edited and aligned using appropriate softwares. After, the sequences of both genes were concatenated generating haplotypes and these were phylogenetically analyzed, generating trees. These trees were constructed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. In addition, a network of haplotypes was obtained for more detail of the results. The inferred phylogenetic relationships resulted in a tree with four well-defined clades: M. mondury, M. rufiventris, M. flavolineata and Melipona sp., forming two groups of sister species: M. mondury and M. rufiventris, M. flavolineata and Melipona sp.. The haplotypes networks obtained suggest that the ancestor of the group formed by M. flavolineata and Melipona sp. lived in the region between the states of Maranhão, Piauí and Ceará and there is some event influencing the separation of the haplotypes identified in the M. rufiventris clade within the sampling area. The results of this present study also suggest the existence of a specie, still undescribed (Melipona sp.), belonging to the rufiventris complex which presents a wide geographical distribution. More detailed studies are needed to elucidate unsolved questions in the present study, among others.