Consumo e exigências de energia de bezerros da raça Holandesa

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Jéssika Carolina Moutinho
• Orientador(a): Marcondes, Marcos Inácio
• Banca de defesa: Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos , Chizzotti, Mario Luiz , Paulino, Pedro Veiga Rodrigues , Machado, Fernanda Samarini
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bezerros; Raça holandesa; Proteína; Energia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Calves; Holstein calves; Protein; Energy
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5782

The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional requirements of protein and minerals for maintenance and growth of Holstein calves from birth to 87 days old. Forty-two male Holstein calves with 3 days old and 35.56 ± 5.86 kg of initial body weight were used. Ten references animals were randomly slaughtered on the 4th day of the feeding trial. The remaining animals were allocated into 4 treatments (2.0; 4.0; 6.0; 8.0 kg/day of milk). All animals were fed with concentrate starter ad libitum throughout the experiment. From eight animals per treatment, four were slaughtered at 59 days old, while the other four were weaned at the same age and milk exchanged for Coast-cross (Cynodon spp.) hay ad libitum, they were slaughtered at 87 days of age. Three digestibility assays were conducted at the average ages of 17, 42 and 75 days in four animals per treatment, to estimate the digestible nutrients, when feces samples were collected for 24 hours. Milk, concentrate starter and hay samples were collected weekly. At the end of the experiment the animals were slaughtered for quantification of empty body weight (EBW) and body composition. The predicted equations for total dry matter intake (DMITotal) and dry matter intake of milk (DMIMilk) for suckling calves Holstein, according to average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW), were respectively: DMITotal= 0,061±0,074 + 0,549±0,072 × DMIMilk + 0,188±0,087 × ADG + 0,006±0,002 × BW and DMIMilk = 1,382 + 2,750 × ADG &#8210; 0,039 × BW. There wasn t any quadratic effect on the amount of milk ingested on intake of dry matter (DMI) (P = 0.656), crude protein (CP) (P = 0.646), ether extract (EE) (P = 0.418) and total carbohydrates (TC) (P = 0.827). However, there was a linear effect of the quantity of milk (P < 0.01) on the consumption of these in the period between 4 and 59 days. During post-weaning wasn t any linear and quadratic effects of the volume of milk on the DM, CP, EE, and TC, which in this period averages, respectively: 1.767, 0.336, 0.026 and 1.365 kg / day. However, the milk had a linear effect on DMI digestibility and nutrient (P < 0.01) during 4-59 days of age, no differences in these variables in the post-weaning period. The average digestibility of DMI, CP, EE, and TC during the period 60-87 days were, respectively: 84.29, 83.98, 77.19 and 87.83%. The average daily gain (ADG, P = 0.885), gain of empty body weight (EBW, P = 0.794), carcass weight gain (CWG, P = 0.950), warm carcass yield (WCY) and cold carcass yield (CCY) weren t influenced by the quadratic effect of the amount of milk intake during lactation was observed only linear effect (P < 0.01) the amount of milk ingested. During post-weaning weren t observed linear and quadratic effects on these variables, these animals showed average 0.807 kg / day for ADG; 0.510 kg / day for EBW; 0.331 kg / day for CWG; 0.497 kg / day for WCY and 0.510 kg / day for CCY. When assessed ADG, EBW and CWG for the period 4-87 days of life of animals (average), it was observed that these variables were influenced only by the linear effect of the amount of milk provided (P < 0.01). The efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) and gain (kg) were 59.91 and 41.46%, respectively. We conclude that the requirements NEm and MEm Holstein suckling calves are 78.6 and 131.2 kcal/EBW0,75/day and NEg can be obtained by the equation: NEg (Mcal / kg EBW / day) = 1,039 × EBW0,094.