Regulação e eficiência dos modelos de concessões de rodovias no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Profeta, Graciela Aparecida
• Orientador(a): Lírio, Viviani Silva
• Banca de defesa: Cunha, Dênis Antônio da , Santos, Vladimir Faria dos , Nascimento, Ana Carolina Campana
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Rodovias privatizadas - Brasil; Pedágios de Rodovias - Brasil; Concessões administrativas; Equilíbrio econômico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Privatized highways - Brazil; Toll Road - Brazil; Administrative concessions; Economic balance
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/162

It is believed that the road concessions in Brazil improved the physical conditions of the roads and increased user safety. However, this affected the competitiveness of domestic products against foreign market, as compared to concessions in other countries, Brazilian exhibit high toll costs, due to the growth of tariffs that often occurs above inflation in the period. This is often attributed to the fact that it is costly for the Granting Authority and regulators obtain complete information on the financial and operational data from utilities, allowing them to have the opportunity to raise tariffs above the required claiming maintenance economic-financial balance. This evidence suggests that the state has failed to develop mechanisms to offer adequate conditions on highways and at the same time ensuring a less costly rate. In this context, asks himself: Models of highway concessions in Brazil have been mechanisms that ensure the efficient provision of the service? For both, it was found the role of regulatory agencies, we analyzed the different models and gauged concessions efficiency levels considering an environment of uncertainty. The discussions were grounded in the theory of economic regulation. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used a desk study to investigate the role of agencies and examine characteristics of different models of concessions and applied oa data envelopment analysis in two stages using the Tobit regression bootstrap to enter the analysis non-discretionary factors, but that affect the efficiency levels. Regarding the regulatory agencies, it was found that boards of directors, executive bodies of the agency, are composed of members nominated by Governments without worrying about the technical ability. Therefore, subject to opportunistic behavior of interest groups. Regarding financial independence, which was noticed that in some cases, the budget of the agencies depended in part on the percentage utility receipts affecting the decisional independence. As for models concessions, different rules is observed in relation to the definition of the winning bidder, ranging from those guaranteed the lowest rate, the highest value of the grant, or a mixture of these two criteria. Such differences involve the returns of business, the values of tariffs and quality standards, and efficiency of the sector. As for the empirical analysis, what one might infer that there was no evidence of a dominant model of road concessions in Brazil. However, it can be stated that the federal, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul models were the best performers and the worst Parana model, and this may be linked to the fact that the first two had the implementation of the regulatory agencies at the beginning of the concession period , and the Paraná it only ran in 2012 in addition, it was noted that the presence of the agency was important to explain efficiency. Therefore, on this basis, confirms the hypothesis that the best designs are those with associated regulatory framework. As a limiting factor to the research, pointed out the difficulty in obtaining data that allow insert issues of information asymmetry in the empirical model. In this sense, as a suggestion for future research it is believed that the inclusion of variables that address issues of quality, information asymmetry, specific characteristics of the agencies and models can enrich the study.