Resíduo desidratado da agroindústria de cervejaria na produção de silagem de capim-marandu

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Daniele de Jesus
• Orientador(a): Lana, Rogério de Paula
• Banca de defesa: Veloso, Cristina Mattos , Silveira, Márcia Cristina Teixeira da , Almeida, João Carlos de Carvalho
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Alimentação animal; Degradação; Fracionamento
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Animal Feed; Degradation; Fractionation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1845

This work was developed by conducting four experiments, which generated information to be presented in the form of four chapters. The brewery residue used in the experiments was dried naturally for a period of 36 hours. The experimental design for the four experiments was a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications and the treatments represented by the inclusion levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% natural matter of brewers dehydrated at ensiling marandu grass. In the first chapter, we evaluated the fermentation profile, losses, nutrient recovery and chemical composition in grass silages marandu doped brewers dried naturally. We used experimental silos with a capacity of 10 liters, with bunsen valve for exhaust gases. At the bottom of the silo, were placed 2 kg of sand to capture the waste stream, separated by a material of cotton fabric. The compaction of the material was performed manually, by placing approximately 5 kg of fresh forage bitten by silo. The silos were open 45 days after ensiling. The pH and buffering capacity of the silage decreased quadratically (P <0.05) according to the levels of brewers dehydrated. Positive effect was also observed in decreasing linear regression equation for the amount of ammonia-N. Positive quadratic behavior was observed (P <0.05) lactic acid content with levels of brewers dried included in the silage, estimating values of 2,236, 3,136 and 3,276% for 0%, 30 % and 40%, respectively, inclusion and lower values for acetic, propionic and butyric acid that reduced quadratically. Gas losses and effluent decreased linearly (P <0.05) as the level of brewers dehydrated was added. The incorporation of brewers dehydrated for silage resulted in higher crude protein content (P <0.05) and higher recovery of dry matter and crude protein, and lower losses of gas and effluent (P <.05). For chemical parameters such as organic matter, mineral material and soluble carbohydrates, no effect levels of brewers silage marandu grass (P> .05). The ether extract quadractricaly, so that the maximum value was estimated at 5.46% ether extract to the level of 29.07% of brewers dehydrated. TDN content increased linearly (P <0.05) with the inclusion of brewer silage marandu grass. Decreased linearly levels of brewers for the content of neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose in grass silage palisade (P <.05). No significant levels of brewers for the content of acid detergent fiber silage marandu grass (P> .05). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter silages marandu grass increased with the addition of brewer dehydrated (P <.05). We conclude that the inclusion of 20% of brewers already dehydrated ensures good fermentation of silages marandu grass, providing reduction of gas and effluent losses, increased dry matter recovery and improvements in chemical composition. In the second chapter, we evaluated the fractionation of carbohydrates and protein, and kinetic parameters of ruminal silage marandu grass addicted with brewers dehydrated. For contents of fibrous carbohydrates, there was no statistical significance (P> 0.05), and recorded an average value of 70%. The addition of increasing levels of brewers to marandu grass promoted a linear increase in the levels of non-fiber carbohydrates, represented by the fraction A + B1, with values estimated by equation 10.96, 17.72, 18.47, 22, 23 and 25.98%, respectively in terms of levels from 0 to 40% inclusion. The content of the B2 fraction decreased with the addition of brewer through a linear decrease (P <0.05), a decrease of 0.06 percentage unit every 1% inclusion of waste. Statistical analysis of fraction C, silage also decreased linearly (P <0.05), as it included brewer at ensiling, being estimated at 0.31 percentage unit every 1% residual added to marandu grass. Difference was observed by a decreasing linear equation (P <0.05) for the insoluble nitrogen (neutral detergent NDIN), being estimated at 0.25 percentage unit every 1% of brewers dehydrated added at ensiling palisade. The nitrogen levels increased linearly when added brewer in the silage palisade (P <.05). Fraction A, obtained for silage marandu grass, linearly increased (P <0.05) due to the inclusion of brewers dehydrated. The inclusion of brewers dehydrated silage marandu grass caused a linear decrease (P <0.05) in fraction B1 + B2, with an average reduction of 0.37 percentage unit every 1% increase in the level of the byproduct. The fraction B3 presented linearly increased (P <0.05), with an average increase of 0.35 percentage unit every 1% increase in the level of by-product brewery. The regression study showed a linear decrease (P <0.05) for fraction C depending on the levels of brewers. The inclusion level of 20% of brewers dehydrated silage marandu grass provides improvement of the proportions of protein and carbohydrate fractions, as well as on the kinetic parameters of ruminal dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. In the third chapter, we evaluated the intake and digestibility in sheep fed silage marandu grass doped with brewers dried naturally. Silage of marandu grass doped levels of barley dried, we used plastic bags of 100 kg weight capacity, with a total of five plastic bags, totaling 500 kg of green fodder per treatment, which was ensiled for 45 days. The marandu grass used was derived from the same paddock in the first experiment and had the same cultural tract. The evaluation period lasted 21 days, 15 days for diet adaptation and six collections. The inclusion of dried brewer promoted linear increase (P<0.05) water consumption, which increased by 0.02 percentage point for each unit of waste added. The addition levels of brewers dried in the silage palisade positively influenced (P<0.05) intakes of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, and did not influence the values of fiber intake acid detergent and organic matter. It is concluded that silage containing levels of 20% to 30% of brewers dehydrated promoted positive responses to the intake of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber. In the fourth chapter, we evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep fed silage marandu grass doped brewers dried naturally. The experimental conditions were similar to those reported in the third chapter, except that the animals were observed every 10 minutes in the last three days of the trial period for 24 hours. For the time ruminating, no statistical difference (P> 0.05), the animals maintained a balance between the daytime and nighttime periods. Eating time was affected by the addition of brewers dehydrated silage marandu grass linearly (P <.05). There were differences (P <0.05) for the time of daytime ingestion in relation to intake of nocturnal animals fed silage marandu grass. There was no statistical difference for the time of daily intake (P <0.05), with a quadratic effect. The use of agro-industrial by-product brewery increased quadratically (P <0.05) on dry matter intake, with the highest point value estimated at 23.25% in the addition of the additive. Observed linearly increased (P <0.05) of the regression equation for the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), within 24 hours of assessment. However, the number of ruminated per day (in / day) showed a linear decrease (P <0.05), so that the maximum value was 653.08 cakes to control silage and for the highest level of brewers dehydrated, was 595.8 ruminated / day. For the number of chews per bolus ruminated and number of chews per day, there was a quadratic (P <0.05), with the point of maximum of 74.19 chewed cakes at inclusion level of 21.20% and value maximum daily chewing 23405.99 to the level of 20.44% of brewers dehydrated, respectively. The efficiency of ingestion and rumination efficiency of dry matter (g DM / h) were significant (P <0.05), by means of a quadratic, and the efficiency of feeding and rumination NDF linearly increased. The ingestion period (in the dining / day) was significantly (P <0.05), quadratic effect, with maximum value of 31.69 / day, with the inclusion level of 20.03% of brewers dehydrated. The rumination activity, expressed in g DM and NDF / cake was influenced (P <0.05) by the addition of brewers silage marandu grass quadratically with maximum value of 1.57 g DM / ruminated bolus inclusion of 24.72% of the additive in ensiling. Similar behavior was observed for the amount of material ruminated (g NDF / cake). The rumination and chewing activity, expressed in min / kg of DM and NDF was also influenced (P <0.05) by the addition of brewers silage marandu grass quadratically with minimum point in including 21.69% of brewers. We conclude that intermediate levels 20-25% of brewers dehydrated affects some parameters of feeding behavior.