Produtos naturais e o parasitoide Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) no controle de Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Isabel Moreira da
• Orientador(a): Zanuncio, José Cola
• Banca de defesa: Freitas, Gilberto Bernardo de , Venzon, Madelaine , Soares, Marcus Alvarenga
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Broca-das-cucurbitáceas; Eulophidae; Parasitismo; Controle biológico; Produtos naturais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Drill-of-cucurbits; Eulophidae; Parasitism; Biological control; Natural Products
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4578

The family Cucurbitaceae presents dicotyledonous plants with food, economic and social importance. Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) can reduce yield by damaging leaves and fruits of these plants. This pest is controlled primarily with chemical insecticides, but less aggressive methods are been studied. The aim was to evaluate the development of Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), the effects of density on parasitism age of the pupae of D. hyalinata on reproduction of the parasitoid, besides evaluating the toxicity of both essential oils and the commercial product Azamax® on eggs, larvae and pupae of this pest. The experiments were developed at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Insects (LCBI) of the Institute of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture (BIOAGRO) of the University Federal of Viçosa (UFV) in Viçosa, Minas Gerais. In the first study, reproductive aspects of T. diatraeae were evaluated. Ten 48 hours old D. hyalinata pupae were individualized and exposed to parasitism by ten females of this parasitoid during 24 hours. The parasitism and emergence of the progeny was 100% and 90% respectively. Duration of the life cycle of T. diatraeae was 19.11 ± 0.11 days with 167.78 ± 23.79 offspring per pupae and sex ratio of 0.94 ± 0.01. The second study (parasitoid density and age of pupae) had 12 replications per treatment. Pupae of D. hyalinata were exposed to different densities of T. diatraeae (1:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1, 16:1, 20:1 and 24:1) females for 24 hours. Parasitoid density did not affect percentage of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae. Increasing density of T. diatraeae reduced progeny, sex ratio, longevity and width of head capsule of females and males of this parasitoid. The duration of the life cycle of T. diatraeae was proportional to density increased of its females. The effect of pupae age was assessed with isolating them with different ages (24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144h) and being exposed for 24 hours to eight parasitoids each. Age of D. hyalinata pupae did not affect percentage of emergence, parasitism, sex ratio and longevity of T. diatraeae females and males. Increasing pupae age reduced offspring, life cycle and head capsule of T. diatraeae. In the third study, each development stage of D. hyalinata received different concentrations of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, orange and the Azamax® product (0.25% to 25%) dissolved in acetone and the control with only, acetone. Paper disks containing 20 eggs were sprayed with each material on four disks per treatment each representing a replication. Squash leaves were immersed pretreatment and provided to third instar D. hyalinata caterpillars of with four replications of 10 larvae each. Moth pupae were immersed for five seconds in each treatment, with four replications of 10 pupae each. The LC50 was 1.70, 0.97, 40.08 and 1.18 μL/ml for eggs, 14.07, 48.92, 90.31 and 6.18 μL/ml for pupae and LC90 was 6.17, 2.38, 648.50 and 15.67 μL/ml for eggs and 269.06, 642.23, 1079.63 and 16.08 μL/ml for pupae, respectively, with cinnamon, clove and orange oils and Azamax®. The toxicity of cinnamon and clove oils had values for LC50 of 10.82 and 18.75 μL/ml respectively and for the LC90 of clove oil (46.21 μL/ml) and cinnamon (37.21 μL/ml) were estimated for caterpillars of D. hyalinata due to the low mortality on the other treatments. Trichospilus diatraeae parasitized and produced offspring in pupae of D. hyalinata and have the potential to control pupae of this insect. Pupae age is not discriminate by this the parasitoid and up to eight parasitoids per pupae are favorable for its development. The commercial product Azamax® has potential to control this pest. The cinnamon oil was more toxic for larvae and pupae and clove oils more toxic to eggs of D. hyalinata.