Qualidade de carcaças de frango de abatedouros do Estado de Minas Gerais: ocorrência de Campylobacter jejuni e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Badaró, Andréa Cátia Leal
• Orientador(a): Chaves, José Benício Paes
• Banca de defesa: Peña, Wilmer Edgard Luera , Pinto, Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Análise de riscos; Carne de frango; Modelagem; Microbiologia preditiva
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Risk analysis; Chicken meat; Modeling; Predictive microbiology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/474

Campylobacteriosis is recognized as an emerging zoonosis of worldwide distribution, and often diagnosed in developed countries, and its main causal agent Campylobacter jejuni. This organism is commonly conveyed to man for food of avian origin, with the majority of cases are associated with the consumption or handling of contaminated chicken. By contrast, there is little official information on the occurrence of foodborne campylobacteriosis or prevalence data of Campylobacter in broiler chickens in Brazil. Internationally, there are several studies showing the prevalence of this bacterium and its resistance profile to some antimicrobials. Given the scarcity of jobs in Minas Gerais, this research aimed to study the occurrence of C. jejuni in chicken carcasses cooled in inspection of slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service (SIF) and slaughterhouses inspected by the Minas Gerais Institute of Agriculture (IMA), by identifying morphological, biochemical and molecular; evaluate the water quality of the cooling system of abattoirs; isolate and identify enteric contaminants; evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of organisms isolated during the study, and information on the farms, slaughterhouses and processes involved in slaughtering the carcasses of the samples. Of the 30 sample units evaluated, 36.7 % were infected with C. jejuni. Of the 150 chicken carcasses evaluated, 25 (16.7 %) carcasses collected from 7 different establishments is presented contaminated with C. jejuni, and 22 (88 %) were slaughterhouses with SIF and 3 (12 %) were the IMA. The order of the samples showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), however, significant differences (p < 0.05) between the type of inspection being the most frequent contamination of carcasses in slaughterhouses with inspection of SIF. Counts ranged between 3.6 and 36 NMP.g-1. None of the water samples by immersion coolers tested positive for Campylobacter jejuni. All of the 20 strains of C. jejuni strains tested showed resistance to different types of antimicrobials tested, some of which showed 72.2 % resistance, and can become a problem for the medical clinic. All strains were resistant to antimicrobials Aztreonam, Cephalothin, Cefoxitin, and trimethoprim sulfa vancomycin, and 95 % of the strains were resistant to Nalidixic Acid, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime and Ciprofloxacin. All strains tested were susceptible to Polymyxin B. Other antibiotics showed different degrees of sensitivity to Chloramphenicol (95 %), Gentamicin (85 %), Imipenem (75%) and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (75 %). The contaminants were commonly isolated Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All contaminants isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid and Vancomycin was greater sensitivity to Aztreonam. It was also observed that some establishments do not meet the recommendations for quality assurance of the slaughter process, especially with regard to temperature and chlorine content of the water immersion chillers. These data serve as a warning as to the need to establish, as soon as possible, a possible protocol for prevention and control of both C. jejuni as other enteric contaminants in chicken carcasses to ensure adequate health food standards to protect consumer health and to alert health authorities about the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, which may compromise the effectiveness of drugs in the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Finally, it is suggested that further studies should be conducted to determine the origin of the high resistance observed in all the isolates.