Estratégias de seleção baseada em caracteres químicos e tecnológicos visando a indicação de genitores para produção de bioenergia em cana-de-açúcar

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Lidiane Aparecida
• Orientador(a): Bhering, Leonardo Lopes
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Felipe Lopes da , Nascimento, Moysés
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cana-de-açúcar; Melhoramento genético; Cana-de-açúcar - Recursos de germoplasma; Genética vegetal; Biocombustível; Etanol; Energia - Fontes alternativas; Biometria
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Sugar cane; Genetic improvement; Cane sugar - Germplasm resources; Plant genetics; Biofuel; Ethanol; Energy - Alternative sources; Biometrics
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA QUANTITATIVA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4809

The search for alternative sources of energy, due to the environmental damage caused by greenhouse gases and the depletion of oil easy to extract, resulted in a new phase of growth of the national sugarcane agribusiness. Apart from sugar cane juice to produce sugar and ethanol, the industrialization process obtains the biomass, a lignocellulosic material with high energy content, which can be converted into biofuels. It is essential the characterization of germplasm banks, which consist in great genetic variability and can be used as potential parents in breeding programs. Recognized this importance, the present work aimed to study the genetic diversity of a germplasm bank of cane sugar for selection of potential parents for bioenergy production. Ninety genotypes sown in simple installments and without repetitions were characterized for their chemical and technological constitutions. The descriptive analysis enabled the determination of variability among accessions. The relationships between the variables were estimated from analyzes of simple and partial correlations and the path analysis with the dry matter (MS) as the main variable. To study the genetic divergence, multivariate analyzes were performed. From the Euclidean distance matrix standardized mean, techniques clustering were applied by Tocher optimization method and the hierarchical agglomerative method based on the average linkage between groups (UPGMA). We proceeded with the principal component analysis in order to complement the analysis of clustering. The simultaneous selection of characters, from the index proposed by Mulamba and Mock (1978), allowed the classification of genotypes for different purposes. It was possible to observe amplitude variation high among accessions for all the variables, excepted cellulose. Despite the low correlations for most variables, it was possible to obtain correlated response to selection of the desired characters, highlighting the variable total soluble solids (BRIX), a feature that is easy to measure and can be regarded as the main feature for be used for indirect selection of correlated characters. Path analysis is not the most appropriate to verify the direct and indirect relationships between the variables studied on the main variable (dry matter), because it showed low value of coefficient of determination (R2= 0.29) and high residual effect of the variable (0.84). The clustering methods gathered 90 genotypes, similarly, for eight distinct groups. The principal components , was not satisfactory, since 8 components were needed to explain 83.3% of the variation, however was good to identify the most important for genetic diversity variable was the total sugars (AT) and contributed the least was the dry matter (MS). With the simultaneous selection of characters were ranked ten most promising access for the sugarcane juice quality and the use of bagasse for the production of bioelectricity and/or cellulosic ethanol. From the selected genotypes and the similarity between them, it was possible to indicate potential crosses between parents with high-quality production of sugar and ethanol, as well as an interesting plant biomass for bioenergy production, highlighting 18 crosses between genotypes for bioelectricity, 14 for cellulosic ethanol and 6 for both purposes.