Manejo de espécies de leguminosas em cafezal sob cultivo orgânico

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Barrella, Tatiana Pires
• Orientador(a): Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
• Banca de defesa: Ferreira, Francisco Affonso , Lima, Paulo César de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Consórcio; Plantas daninhas; Produção
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Consortium; Weeds; Production
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1132

This research aimed at determining the effect of species and incorporation interval of legumes on weeds population, growth and yield of coffee under organic management. The treatments were combinations of legumes (jack bean or lablab) and various intervals of incorporation with coffee (30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP) compared with sole coffee in monoculture. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. The experiment lasted two years. Legumes were sown in December 2007 and October 2008. An estimation of dry matter in each harvest interval and nitrogen accumulation only in the second year was done. Coffee growth attributes were evaluated in September and the productivity was in April each year. During the investigation, weeds were sampled twice, in October 2008 and in October 2009 to evaluate weeds population similarity, Index of importance value, relative importance of the most common species for each treatment in each interval. Besides, estimation when legumes were sampled for dry matter production. Dry matter accumulation of legumes showed a linear increase with longer interval before incorporation time in both years, with the average of 4,65 t/ha (120 DAP). Jack bean showed higher dry matter accumulation than lablab. In the second year lablab accumulated 5,74 t/ha and jack bean 2,89 t/ha 120 (DAP). By the end of the first year, increasing the interval for incorporation of lablab resulted in a reduction of canopy diameter and number of leaves/branch of coffee plants. However, jack bean incorporation resulted in no consistent decrease of these variables. In the second year, the results indicated that coffee plants intercropped with lablab developed more than these intercropped with jack bean. Comparing with the control, both legume species and their intervals of incorporation decreased coffee productivity in 2008 and the accumulated productivity in both years. There was no further reduction in the productivity of coffee in 2008 when green manures were incorporated 50 (DAF) in both species. The crop of 2009 was adversely affected by increasing incorporation interval of legumes, and from 30 to 120 (DAF) consortium productivity reduced by 10,8 sc/ha. Regarding nitrogen accumulation, at 30 and 60 (DAP), no difference between the two legumes. However, 90 and 120 (DAP) accumulated nitrogen by lablab was 113,7 kg N/ha 120 (DAP). The nitrogen contained in the legumes was mineralized more rapidly than accumulated dry matter. Legume species showed a similar pattern of decomposition in some intervals. Characterizing weed population showed that Cyperusrotundus was dominant followed by Paspalum conjugatum during the experiment. In 2008, when lablab was 90 and 120 days between lines, was favored as the importance of this weed, while in 2009 the relative importance of this weed was higher in the control. Coffee plants inter-rows had a mass of weeds more than below canopy because of coffee plants shading inhibited weeds growth. It is evident that the longer duration of legumes the field, the more reduction in weeds dries mass. While, a linear increase of weeds mass was observed in the control. The reduction in dry matter of weeds was faster with increased mass of jack bean than in lablab. However, the smaller vegetation of lablab reduced weeds mass production more efficiently than jack bean. It could be concluded that intercropping legumes with coffee has changed the dynamics of weeds. Moreover, increasing the duration of legumes before incorporation for either lablab or jack bean linearly reduced the produced mass of weeds inert-rows of coffee trees and decreased coffee productivity as well.