Aspectos nutricionais e comportamentais relacionados à inclusão de volumoso na alimentação de emas em fase de crescimento

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Aline Conceição
• Orientador(a): Machado, Thea Mirian Medeiros
• Banca de defesa: Saad, Carlos Eduardo do Prado , Tinôco, Ilda de Fátima Ferreira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ema (Ave) - Nutrição; Ema (Ave) - Alimentação e rações; Fibras na nutrição animal; Ema (Ave) - Comportamento; Animais silvestres - Criação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Ema (Ave) - Nutrition; Ema (Ave) - Food and feed; Fibers in animal nutrition; Ema (Ave) - Behavior; Wild Animals - Creation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1891

Rheas, as ratites, present anatomical and physiological adaptations that become them capable to make the fiber food exploitation in the diet. In view of testing the adequacy of napier grass and rami for use in the feeding of rheas in captivity, it was objectified to determine the values of apparent digestibilidade of the nutrients of a basal ration with inclusion of the hay of napier grass and rami hay, to compare two techniques for determination of these coefficients and to identify possible changes in the ingestive behavior of the animals. A basal ration was prepared to test with 0%, 15% 30% and 45% of napier grass hay inclusion, in the first experiment, and with rami hay, in as. The diets had been increased of 0,5% of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) to identify differences between the methods. The used delineation was the Latin square 4x4 with repetition, where each animal represented an experimental unit. Eight individually lodged males had been used. Each experimental period was composed of 2 days for transition between the diets, 5 days of adaptation and 5 days of collection of excretes that they had been collected with the use of collecting stock markets of plastic material. Excretes collected had been congealed and later homogenized and analyzed in laboratory for determination of the dry substance, protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fiber (CF), mineral matter (MM) and energy. For evaluation of the behavior the focal model of comment was used where, for it registers it, it was created a model of spread sheet, filled for four observers who, observing simultaneously two animals of one exactly treatment each one, they had written down the relevance behaviors, that counted and they had been evaluated later. The animals had been weighed at the beginning and in the end of each experimental period. The consumption clearly was influenced by the inclusion of the napier grass hay, therefore the volume of these rations was visibly bigger. With regard to the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude protein (ADCCP), of mineral matter (ADCMM) and crude fiber (ADCCF), in both the experiments, had not presented significant difference between the treatments. The ADC of dry matter (ADCDM) and organic matter (ADCOM) had differed significantly between the treatments, being inversely proportional to the level of inclusion of napier grass hay. The ADCOM, in the experiment with rami hay, follow this standard, different of the ADCDM, that did not present differences between the treatments, however valley to stand out that of general form the values are at least 30% minors who the presented ones in the experiment with inclusion of napier grass. The techniques had been evaluated how much to the production of fecal dry matter (FDM), determination of the metabolizable energy (ME), to the metabolizable energy consumption (MECo), to the metabolization coefficient of crude energy (MCCE) and ADCDM. In the experiment with napier grass hay, significant differences in none of the evaluated topics had not been found, however the technique that uses chromium presented major values. Different of the results with napier grass hay, where all the values the values of IN, MECo, MCCE and ADCDM gotten with the rami hay inclusion, had presented significantly different values between the techniques, in all the treatments, beyond presenting different results in the comparison enter the averages of the treatments completely, modifying the interpretation of the data of the experiment. How much to the ingestive behavior, in the consumption it did not have significant differences (SNK, 5%) enters the treatments in none of the assays, excepting the treatment with 0%, the water consumption in the assay with rami was at least 30% greater that in the assay with napier grass hay. The production of excretes significantly differed (SNK, 5%) between treatments 0% and 45% in both the sources. Significant differences in the variation of weight of the animals between treatments had not been found. However, the treatment with bigger profit was of 30% of rami (68,44 g/day) and of minor it was of 30% of napier grass (3,96g/dia). In the treatments with grass the excretion frequency was 40% greater that in the treatments with rami. The animals of treatments 0% of inclusion of grass had pecked 60% more the excrements that other treatments because these would contain great amount of nutrients produced for the metabolism of cecum- colon. On the basis of this study one concludes that not only the amount of fiber, but also the quality of this cause interferences in the exploitation of the diet, and if reflects causing fast alterations in the ingestive behavior of the animals. The staple fibers still seem, to intervene with the technique that uses chromium oxide as marking, in digestibilidade studies. They are then, necessary other studies to clarify better these effects.