Espaçamento de plantio do eucalipto e leguminosas para sub-bosque em sistemas agroflorestais

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Francisco Eden Paiva
• Orientador(a): Garcia, Rasmo
• Banca de defesa: Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães , Queiroz, Domingos Sávio , Bernardino, Fernando Salgado
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Uréia; Radiação; Digestibilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Urea; Radiation; Digestibility
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1777

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the quantitative structural characteristics of legumes in development, the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) and the legume productivity and nutritive value of understory in agroforestry. A scheme of subdivided plot was adopted in space, in a randomized block design with three replications. The main plot was the Eucalyptus plantation density (555; 417; 333; and 278 plants ha-1) and the subplots of legume species (Arachis pintoi, Calopogonium mucunoides and Stylosanthes capitata / Stylosanthes macrocephala). In the experiment I, the results of variable frequency, soil cover, height and length of stolons were analyzed by descriptive statistics and dry matter production (DMP) for one year after planting of legumes by statistical inference. The legume Calopogonium mucunoides followed by Stylosanthes capitata / Stylosanthes macrocephala, showed good establishment in an agroforestry system due to its high values of frequency, ground cover, height and length of stolons. Arachis pintoi did not give good establishment, but it persisted in the experimental area, showing low values of frequency, ground cover, height and length of stolons and high variability shown by the descriptive measures of variation. There was no significant effect on the regression models tested for eucalyptus plantation density on the legume by DMP. Stylosanthes capitata / Stylosanthes macrocephala showed higher DMP as understory species for agroforestry. In experiment II, the dynamics of SOM was studied by analyzing the following variables: total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon nitrogen (C / N), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial quotient for carbon (MBC / TOC) and microbial quotient for nitrogen (MBN / TN). For variables TOC and TN in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m, there was no effect (P> 0.05) for any of models tested in relation to the eucalyptus plantation density to each legume, and there was no affect (P> 0.05) in function to the legume species of understory for these variables, also in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m.The average content of TOC for general agroforestry systems independent on the study factors were numerically superior to the TOC found for the Cerrado. For the C / N, in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m, there was linear and cubic effect of the eucalyptus plantation density for Stylosanthes capitata / Stylosanthes macrocephala, corresponding to layers 0-0, 1 and 0.1-0.2 m. For MBC there was quadratic effect for Arachis pintoi in function of eucalyptus plantation density in the two layers. For MBN, there was quadratic effect for the legume Calopogonium mucunoides in function of the eucalyptus plantation density in the layer 0.1-0.2 m. For MBC / TOC, there was quadratic effect for the leguminous Arachis pintoi in function of the eucalyptus plantation density in the two layers. For the relationship MBC / TN, there was quadratic effect for the legume Calopogonium mucunoides in function of the eucalyptus plantation density in the layer 0.1-0.2 m. In agroforestry system with 12 months after the establishment, eucalyptus plantation density does not affect the levels of TOC and TN, but it occurs effect of eucalyptus plantation density depending on the legume C / N, content of MBC and MBN, MBC / TOC and MBN / TN. The leguminous understory specie does not affect the dynamics of soil organic matter in agroforestry system with 12 months of deployment. In experiment III for variable dry matter productivity (DMP) and nitrogen productivity (NP), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro dry matter (IVDM), there was no effect (P> 0.05) for any of models tested in relation to the eucalyptus plantation density for each leguminous specie. There was a significant legume species in the understory for the variables CP, NDF and IVDMD. The productivity of dry matter and nitrogen of legumes with 100 days for regrowth of understorey in agroforestry system with 15 months of development does not suffer the effect of plantation density considering each legume. The dry matter and nitrogen productivity with 100 days for regrowth for understorey in agroforestry system with 15 months of implantation does not differ between legumes, independently on the eucalyptus plantation density. After 100 days of regrowth in agroforestry system with 15 months of implantation, the legumes Stylosanthes capitata / Stylosanthes macrocephala and Calopogonium mucunoides show lower nutritional value than Arachis pintoi, independently on eucalyptus plantation density.