Métodos para avaliação do consumo alimentar e sua relação com marcadores de risco para a síndrome metabólica em adolescentes do sexo feminino

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Kiriaque Barra Ferreira
• Orientador(a): Priore, Sílvia Eloiza
• Banca de defesa: Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Rosado, Lina Enriqueta Frandsen Paez de Lima , Accioly, Elizabeth , Alfenas, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição
• Departamento: Valor nutricional de alimentos e de dietas; Nutrição nas enfermidades agudas e crônicas não transmis
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Marcadores de risco; Síndrome metabólica; Adolescentes do sexo feminino; Obesidade; Dietética
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Risk markers; Metabolic syndrome; Female adolescents; Obesity; Dietetics
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO::ANALISE NUTRICIONAL DE POPULACAO
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2811

The purpose of this study was to relate the food consumption, with the risk markers for the metabolic syndrome. The study was carried through with 60 adolescents, of the feminine sex, between 14 and 18 years old, students of a school of the municipal district of Viçosa-MG. Four dietary assessment instruments have been applied: 24 Hour Recall (24HR), Dietary Records (DR), Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) e List of Purchases (LP). The 24HR was collected three times, with average interval between collections of 15 days, the DR was carried through in three non consecutive days. The LP evaluated the per capita availability of food for the adolescents, inside and outside of their homes. Energy, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, calcium and iron were evaluated. The energy adequacy was calculated according to Institute of Medicine (2002), The percentage of macronutrients in relation to the Total Energetic Intake, was evaluated according to the proposal of the Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentação e Nutrição - SBAN (Vannucchi et al., 1990) The iron and calcium adequacy, was calculated according to Institute of Medicine 2001 e 1997, respectively. The risk markers for the metabolic syndrome considered were abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced level of HDL, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose (NCEP-ATPIII, 2001). The anthropometric and body composition parameters (weight, height, body mass index and derived indexes, percentage of body fat, body fat mass and lean body mass, circumferences of the waist and hip, and relation waist/hip), biochemists (total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and fasting glucose) and physicians (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were verified. The nutritional state was classified according to the body mass index (BMI) (CDC/NCHS, 2000). The percentage of body fat (%BF) was evaluated using horizontal bioelectrical impedance, being classified according to Lohman (1992). The abdominal obesity was characterized by the elevated waist circumference (WC) (Taylor et al, 2002). The dyslipidemia and the fasting glucose have been classified according respectively to the proposal of the III Diretrizes Brasileiras Sobre Dislipidemias (2001) and American Diabetic Association (2006). The arterial blood pressure was characterized according to the IV Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial (2002). There was no difference between the three isolated applications of 24HR and DR for none of the valuated nutrients, which showed a good reproducibility. Comparing the average of ingestion of the nutrients reflected by the average of the three 24HR (X24HR) and the average of the three days of DR (XDR), with the isolated applications of the dietary instruments there was no difference for none of the evaluated nutrients. It is possible to infer that in the population of this study, only one application of 24HR or DR would suffice to reflect the average ingestion of all nutrients evaluated. The LP was not capable of reflecting the average consumption for none of the evaluated nutrients. Almost all of the adolescents (90%) were classified, according to BMI, as eutrophic, however, 78,3% presented high percentage of body fat. Considering the lipid profile, the total cholesterol presented the greatest percentage of alteration (23,3%), followed by the fractions, LDL (15%) and HDL (5%). The triglycerides have been found to be increased in 10% of the studied adolescents. Four adolescents (6,7%) showed altered fasting glucose. None of the studied adolescents presented the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Significant correlations between HDL and waist/hip relation (r = -0,276; p=0,032), and between LDL and %BF (r = 0,296; p=0,021) have been observed. However, 33,3% of the adolescents, showed two or more than three alterations related by anthropometric and body composition, biochemists and physicians parameters. The number of alterations presented by adolescents are correlated with values %BF (r=0,300, p=0,020); plasmatic level of cholesterol (r=0,536, p<0,001) and LDL (r=0,506, p<0,001). The ingestion of calories and of macronutrients for the X24HR have been inversely correlated to the BMI, %BF and WC. Considering the evaluation carried out by the XDR, there have been exceptions only for the %BF, correlated to the caloric ingestion, of carbohydrate and protein. The LP is not correlated to any of the anthropometric and body composition, biochemists or physicians parameters. In light of the inconsistency of the correlations between the food consumption and the risk markers for the metabolic syndrome that were found in this study, it can be inferred that an ideal dietary instrument does not exist, being all the citizens subjected to the inherent errors of the process of evaluation of the food consumption and therefore we are not able to identify which would be the best dietary assessment instrument to reflect the possible relation existing between the food consumption and the risk markers for the metabolic syndrome in the adolescence.