Efeito do déficit hídrico na uniformidade da floração do cafeeiro irrigado no oeste da Bahia

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Dantas, Gustavo Guimarães
• Orientador(a): Mantovani, Everardo Chartuni
• Banca de defesa: Alvarenga, Antônio de Pádua , Faccioli, Gregório Guirado
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Irrigação agrícola; Café; Floração do cafeeiro
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Agricultural irrigation; Coffee; Coffee blossoming
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3590

The water deficit effect on irrigated coffee, used to break the bud´s dormancy and synchronization of flowering, have been studied cause of its important potential to assist in the occurrence of a bloom uniform, without effect the production. The flower synchronization has direct implications on the uniformity of the coffee fruit ripening, which will have great influence on the final product quality. Thus, was aimed to monitor and analyze the different stages of bud development as a parameter to be used to start the water deficit and assess the dormancy breaking bud and flowering synchronization through the measurement of the water status in the coffee plant by a predefined water potential. For this purpose two experiments were conducted, which began in 2006 with Bonfim Neto (2007), being analyzed here the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. The experiments were performed with coffee plants (Coffee arabica L. cv. Catuaí 144) drip irrigated, cultivated at a spacing of 3.8 x 0.5 m, with approximately 5.5 years old. The study site is located in the city Luís Eduardo Magalhães (12°5'S, 45º48'W), BA, at an altitude of 760 m in a soil classified as quartz sand soil and sandy loam texture. Was established as a criterion to start the water deficit, in both experiments, the flower buds development, being that the experiment I had the water deficit period monitored by the flower buds development and the experiment II, through the plant water potential predawn leaf. To perform the irrigation management and characterize the climatic factors influence on the behavior of the buds of the coffee plants, was installed an automatic weather station with sensors which provide daily data of temperature (°C), humidity (%) wind speed (ms1), solar radiation (Wm2) and precipitation (mm). Besides these variables, we determined the vapor pressure deficit. From the data of the station is managed irrigation management through software IRRIPLUS, determining the crop water demand, evaluating the water balance, using the coefficients of adjustment on the ETo. Beside these variables, was determined the vapor pressure deficit thought the methodology described by Allen et al. (1998). From the weather station data, the irrigation management was done using the software IRRIPLUS, determining the crop water demand, evaluating the water balance, using the adjustment coefficients of the ETo. Was defined the water depth, depending on the difference between water demand and effective rainfall. To evaluate the flowering synchronization, fruit ripening, growth and coffee plants productivity were periodically evaluated the following variables: number of flowers bloomed by each branch in each bloom; the number of gathered nodes by month, percentage of green fruit, cherry and passes at the harvest time, yield and fruit production. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by using Tukey's test, P = 0.05. For the other features was used descriptive analysis. The maturity uniformity was reached from the moment when the flower buds were synchronized at the 4th stage of development and with predawn leaf water potential below 1.2 MPa during the crop years 2007 and 2008, recorded in 2009 was verified a minor uniformity of maturation to the water potential which did not reach the value equal or less than 1.2 MPa. In the 2007/2008 harvesting year, which presented high productivity, was not observed a significant difference between the treatments with and without water deficit. However, in the harvest year of 2006/2007 and 2008/2009, was observed a production significant difference between the treatment without deficit with the rest who were subjected to different levels of water deficit. Occurred compensatory growth of the plants branches which were submitted to water deficit, in a way that it did not show significant difference regarding the test which the coffee plants were full time irrigated. This management strategy was considered important in driving the coffee crop, giving an average reduction of water and energy up to 35.49%