Caracterização da demanda de água em sistemas de irrigação na bacia do Córrego Sossego em Itarana-ES

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Daré, Jean Carlos
• Orientador(a): Mantovani, Everardo Chartuni
• Banca de defesa: Palaretti, Luiz Fabiano
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Água; Irrigação; Agricultura
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Water; Irrigation; Agriculture
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3639

Water is a natural resource with challenging demands in quantity and quality, conditioned the social, political, environmental and economic, with increasing difficulty in securing demands.In Espírito Santo, irrigated areas are increasing due to water deficits that cause social and economic losses and increased availability of irrigation systems in general. Whereas meet the demand and use of water in irrigation systems in a watershed is critical in the design of policies that affect the use of water in irrigation, this study aims to characterize the demand and use of water in irrigation systems in Sossego Stream basin, located in the municipality of micro Itarana Central Highlands in the state of Espirito Santo. The basin has Sossego Stream drainage area of 6384 ha, emptying into the river Saint Joan a tributary of the Doce River. According to the Köppen climate classification, Geiger (1936), the climate is classified as a tropical climate with a dry season (Aw), with average monthly temperatures below 60 mm, with two seasons: a dry season in winter, during which potential evapotranspiration is largely in excess of precipitation, and a rainy or humid, with rainfall always higher than the potential evapotranspiration, allowing the replenishment of water reserves in biomass, soils and aquifers. The data collections in the basin were carried out from July 15 to September 10, 2012, with the identification of irrigated crops and their respective areas in the basin through the Integrated Geospatial Bases of Espirito Santo (GEOBASES) in which the database covers the entire state of Espirito Santo and includes database associated with digital mapping, integrating spatial data, temporal data, images, text and maps, and allows the construction of various applications. We used data daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature, the weather station Itarana, Holy Spirit, occurred during the period from 1976 to 2010, obtained from the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper) for determining reference evapotranspiration (mm d-1) by the equation of Hargreaves e Samani (1985) (1985). Through the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) daily between 1976 and 2010, were obtained daily and monthly averages of ET0. To determine the water demand for irrigation, were considered: the reference evapotranspiration; crop evapotranspiration; coefficients KC, KL and KS; irrigation efficiency; the kind of culture; the culture of each area; and, the effective precipitation using the method proposed by the USDA Soil Conservation Service. In the basin 1119 ha are cultivated, of which 1010 ha (90%) are irrigated, the coffee has 500 ha (49%), followed by fruit with 240 ha (21%), with horticulture 102 ha (9%), eucalyptus with 109 ha (10%) with open areas 95 ha (9%) and other crops with 23 ha (2%). The irrigation efficiency (Ei) was 84% on average. The highest water demands by the cultures occur in February and January, with 704,354 m³ and 690,822 m³, respectively. The month of June with 387,714 m³ had the lowest demand. In February the flow of water demanded is 117,392 m³ d-1 for a time capture (TC) for 3 h. However, increasing the TC for 9h and 24h, this required flow is increased to 78,262 m³ and 29,348 m³ d-1, respectively.