Crescimento econômico, desigualdade de renda e políticas sociais no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Vidigal, Vinícius Gonçalves
• Orientador(a): Lima, João Eustáquio de
• Banca de defesa: Toyoshima, Sílvia Harumi , Gomes, Marília Fernandes Maciel
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Economia Aplicada
• Departamento: Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Crescimento econômico; Distribuição de renda; Políticas sociais
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Economic growth; Income distribution; Social policy
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA DO BEM-ESTAR SOCIAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/84

The economic literature shows no consensus on the relationship between growth and income inequality. Studies have been developed in terms of groups of countries, but various differences difficult the analyses and make relevant research on regional level. Many of these studies and also the recent fall in inequality in Brazil in years of economic growth point to a negative relationship between inequality and growth. Therefore, it is justified to investigate the association between income inequality and economic growth in order to confirm the legitimacy of policies to simultaneously reduce inequality and promote growth. Thus, the present study had as objective to examine the effects of income inequality and social policies on economic growth of the Brazilian states over the period from 1996 to 2006. Specifically, we sought to: verify the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in Brazil; evaluate the impacts of public social welfare policies on growth; and examine the influence of changes of government in the response of growth in relation to variations in social policies. The theoretical framework consisted of the Solow model in its augmented version, formulated by Mankiw et al. (1992), which includes the level of human capital as an explanatory factor of the product. Panel data econometrics was used as methodological tool, including unit root, heterogeneity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence tests, in order to obtain estimates of the impact of inequality and social policies on growth. The main results showed that in the analyzed period, inequality in income distribution, measured by the Gini index and the participation of the poorest 40% of the population in income negatively affected the economic growth of the Brazilian states, which means that higher levels of inequality produced lower growth. In addition, it was found that public spending on social welfare had positive effects on growth in the second Cardoso administration (1999-2002) and in the first Lula government (2003-2006). It appears from this, the importance of social policies aimed at reducing inequality as a means of providing greater economic growth and, especially, better living conditions for Brazilian population.