Irrigação com déficit hídrico controlado na cultura da mangueira no semiárido baiano

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Marcelo Rocha dos
• Orientador(a): Martinez, Mauro Aparecido
• Banca de defesa: Pereira, Silvio Bueno , Oliveira, Rubens Alves de , Cotrim, Carlos Elizio , Donato, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cultura da mangueira; Irrigação
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Culture of mango; Irrigation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/723

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation applied to the flowering period of fruit ripening on the commercial production, water use efficiency, gas exchange, leaf temperature, water extraction and distribution of root system mango 'Tommy Atkins' grown in the semiarid region. The study was conducted in an experimental area located in the CODEVASF Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, Guanambi County, southwest of Bahia, in Fluvic Eutrophic Neosol. The experiment was conducted for two production cycles at 11 and 12 years old orchard, with trees spaced at 8.0 m x 8.0 m, irrigated by microsprinkler. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and six replications. The treatments were: 1 - Irrigation supplying 100% of ETc flowering to harvest the fruit, 2 - 50% of ETc from beginning of flowering to the beginning of the expansion of fruit and 100% of up to physiological maturity, 3 - 100% ETc the onset of flowering to the beginning of fruit growth, 50% from the beginning to start the expansion of physiological maturation and 100% during physiological maturation of the fruit, 4-100% ETc the beginning of bloom after the expansion of the fruit and 50% at physiological maturity, 5 - Without irrigation. Irrigation was performed based on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) determined daily using the Penman-Monteith FAO 56. The soil water content was monitored using TDR. During phases I, II and III and for all treatments the rate of transpiration and photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were determined by means of an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The treatments were compared in terms of total yield, fruit number, yield and number of fruits per weight classes, and the water use efficiency, gas exchange and total root density length and diameter classes. The extraction of water regardless of the treatment is primarily a distance less than 1.50 m from the plant and the first 0.50 m depth. No significant differences in the root density length (RDL) between treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as between treatments 1, 4 and 5. Most RDL is comprised from 0 to 1.0 m from the plant and 0.20 to 0.90 m long. There was influence of RDI management with productivity. The application of RDI with 50% of ETc in the third stage of fruit development resulted in a greater number of fruit, higher yield and improved water use efficiency. The application of the RDI 50% ETc phase of fruit set causes significant reduction in the number of fruit and reduction in yield. Weight classes 400 and 500 g have higher contributions to total yield for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. The total or partial water deficit in the soil decreased the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of leaves of mango 'Tommy Atkins'. The water deficit in soil part does not cause significant changes in internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature of mango 'Tommy Atkins'.