Efeitos da intervenção com suplemento alimentar à base de soro de leite adicionado de prebiótico no estado nutricional de ferro e vitamina A em pré-escolares

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Luiza Carla Vidigal
• Orientador(a): Costa, Neuza Maria Brunoro
• Banca de defesa: Lamounier, Joel Alves , Sant anna, Luciana Ferreira da Rocha
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Anemia ferropriva; Suplemento alimentar; Fortificação de alimentos; Hipovitaminose A
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Iron-deficiency anemia; Alimentary supplement; Food fortification; Hypovitaminosis A
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/423

The fortification and supplementation of food, allied with nutritional education aim to fight the lack of micronutrients in the most vulnerable groups in the population. The administration of food supplements may be an effective strategy in the fight of iron-deficiency anemia and deficiency of vitamin A in preschool children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in animals, the bioavailability of iron of a food supplement based on milk whey, supplemented with inuline and enriched with iron, zinc, copper and vitamin A and C; and, in humans, evaluate the efficiency of the supplement in the improvement of the nutritional status of preschool children. In the investigation with animals 48 male Wistar rats just out of lactation, distributed in 6 experimental groups (n=8), with initial average weight of 55,86 g. The method used for the evaluation of bioavailability of iron was depletion/repletion of hemoglobin, adapted to 21 days of depletion. At the end of the period, blood samples were collected by incision in the tail of the animals for the determination of the concentration of hemoglobin by the cianometahemoglobin method. During the experiment, body weight and food consumption was monitored for the determination of the food efficiency coefficient (CEA). The relative value of bioavailability (RBV) of the supplement was calculated considering the standard (diet control with ferrous sulfate) with bio availability equal to 100%. The data for gain in weight, food efficiency coefficient and gain in hemoglobin were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey comparison test by means of the Sigma Statistic Software (p<0.05). To evaluate the behavior of the variation of the concentration of hemoglobin in relation to the concentration of iron used in the diet linear regression analysis was carried out. In the repletion stage a significant difference (p<0.05) was found with respect to gain in weight and CEA between the groups. The supplement exhibited good bioavailability of iron, with a relative value of bioavailability of 76%, being, thus, promising in the improvement of the nutritional status of iron. Afterward a study with humans was carried out in 4 county nursery schools in Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, when 110 children were recruited with ages between 2 and 5 years. The children were submitted to anthropometric (weight and height), biochemical (erythrocytes, concentration of hemoglobin, average corpuscular volume VCM, average corpuscular hemoglobin - HCM -, seric iron, ferritin and serum retinol) and dietetic (direct weighing of the food, 24 h recordatory, and food register) evaluations, in the beginning and end of a 45 days period of intervention. The supplement (30 g portion) was served daily in the afternoon snack, diluted in 100 mL of water, 5 times/week and supplied 30% of recommended daily doses of iron, zinc, copper and vitamin A and C. The dietary and biochemical data collected in the beginning and end of the experiment were compared by means of the Wilcoxon test, whereas for the annthropometric data the paired t-test (p<0.05) was used. The study was approved by the ethic committee of Viçosa Federal University. The values of the z- scores for weight and height was significantly superior after the intervention. The same was observed for the biochemical parameters erythrocytes, hemoglobin, VCM, HCM and ferritin after the intervention. The inclusion of the supplement increased significantly the ingestion of nutrients. The powdered supplement showed to be effective in the improvement of the nutritional status and food profile of preschool children, attending to the policies of nutritional security and combat of nutrition deficiencies of the population.