Caracterização do sistema radical do feijoeiro e seu uso no melhoramento genético

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Rosado, Renato Domiciano Silva
• Orientador(a): Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza
• Banca de defesa: Cruz, Cosme Damião , Oliveira, Marciane da Silva
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Melhoramento de plantas; Nutrição mineral de plantas; Estresse de fósforo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Plant breeding; Mineral nutrition of plants; Stress phosphorus
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1185

Currently in Brazil, in order to minimize problems related to deficiency of phosphorus from the soil, are used fertilizers to adjust the soil to the plant requirement. Whereas the global reserves of inorganic phosphorus are running out, the strategy would be to adapt the plant to the phosphorus contained in the soil. For this we need detect and explore the use of genotypic differences, especially those related to the root architecture. For this purpose, 56 bean genotypes were evaluated and characterized phenotypically on the root system. Subsequently, two different genotypes on the root architecture were used in the composition of a multi-line to see the mixture of bean genotypes (multiline) with contrasting characteristics of basal root architecture increases grain yield. The first experiment consisted of 56 genotypes that were seeded in the field, using a randomized block design. We assessed the following characters: productivity and mass of 1000 seeds. Seeds of this experiment were germinated in germination paper and placed in glass tanks with nutrient solution of calcium sulphate, using a randomized complete block design. The following characters were evaluated: number of whorls, number of basal roots, root hairs note in basal roots, average angle of basal roots and root hairs note at the tap root. The dates were subjected to analysis of genetic diversity, based on the Torcher method and Canonical Variables. In the second experiment, the genotypes diamante negro (shallow basal roots), Vi-10-2-1 (deep basal roots) and multiline (Diamante Negro + Vi-10-2-1) were evaluated in soil with environments different phosphorus availability under no-tillage systems and conventional (with fertilized and not fertilized), forming a 3x2x2 factorial, in randomized block design. In this experiment were evaluated: shoot dry weight, phosphorus content, phosphorus content , productivity and yield components: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-grain mass. In the first experiment, based on the analysis of diversity, it was observed that the bean germplasm has wide genetic variability for root traits. By methodology of canonical variables, the number of basal roots, note the taproot hairs, average angle of basal roots were in this order, the less important to the mesoamerican gene pool group. For the andean gene pool group the average angle of basal roots of and note the basal roots hairs were less important. These results compared with those obtained by the method of Singh (1981) indicate that there is redundancy between the number of basal roots and number of whorls and root hairs note from the taproot and basal roots. When we repeated the clustering procedure by Tocher, after exclusion of less important variables by the technique of canonical variables, we obtained clusters of different genotypes indicating that although these variables were identified as those with lower contribution to the diversity of genotypes, they still contribute a significant fraction to discriminate against them. In the second experiment, when fertilized, the multiline (DN + Vi) overcame the Vi 10-2-1 cultivar and the diamante negro cultivar matched in grain yield in both the under no-tillage systems and conventional. In this case, was the worst performance of Vi 10-2-1 genotype, which has deep basal roots. In conventional tillage, not fertilized, the multiline was well above the pure lines, up to produce 20% more than the DN and 40% more than Vi 10-2-1.