Controle biológico da planta invasora Miconia calvescens por uma nova espécie de Ditylenchus

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Santin, Angelo Miguel
• Orientador(a): Oliveira, Rosângela D arc de Lima
• Banca de defesa: Soares, Dartanhã José , Ferraz, Silamar
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitopatologia
• Departamento: Etiologia; Epidemiologia; Controle
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Controle biológico; Miconia calvescens; Ditylenchus
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Biological control; Miconia calvescens; Ditylenchus
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4397

Exploratory assessments of phytopathogens associated with Miconia calvescens to be used for biological control have pointed the nematode Ditylenchus gallaeformans, a causal agent of galls and deformations in aerial tissues of Melastomataceae as being potentially fit for such purpose. The description of the new species with the proposition of the name D. gallaeformans is in submission phase for the publication. Considering the interaction of Melastomataceae with this nematode, the aim of this work was to study the biological and ecological aspects of the new species; galls histopathology induced in their hosts; host range; and the impact of the nematodes on plants of M. calvescens. D. gallaeformans host range was restricted to the plants of the family Melastomataceae with those of the genus Miconia being considered the most susceptible. D. gallaeformans was pathogenic to M. calvescens, both the Hawaii and Brazil biotypes. D. gallaeformans presented the typical habit of a migrant ectoparasite with life cycle mean duration of 19 days, from unicellular egg formation to the reproductive female phase. Rest stage at the fourth stage juvenile phase (J4), was verified, when the nematodes are in anhydrobiosis, what guarantees their survival in dehydrated plant material for up to 6 months. The nematode population in Viçosa, MG increased in the periods of higher temperatures; however, population density did not correlate with the climatic variables. The foliar galls formed by D. gallaeformans originated from hyperplasia of the fundamental meristem cells in the leaf primordia. The galls presented central cavities housing the nematodes and connected to the external environment. These cavities were surrounded by layers of dense cells responsible for supplying food to the nematodes. The most efficient inoculation method was the deposition of nematode suspension on the leaf primordia. A positive correlation was found among incidence, severity, and nematode population in plants inoculated at different concentrations of D. gallaeformans inoculum. The third leaf pair emitted after inoculation presented high correlation with incidence and severity, being considered the ideal point for evaluation of these variables. There was a decrease in the development of plants of M. calvescens with increased concentration of the inoculum of D. gallaeformans. It was concluded that D. gallaeformans is specific for the family Melastomataceae, with potential for the biological control of M. calvescens, in view of the damages caused to the plants.