Modelagem da qualidade da água e da capacidade de autodepuração do Rio Pomba.

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Guedes, Hugo Alexandre Soares
• Orientador(a): Silva, Demetrius David da
• Banca de defesa: Mendonça, Antônio Sérgio Ferreira , Borges, Alisson Carraro , Ramos, Márcio Mota
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola
• Departamento: Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Recursos hídricos - Administração; Água - Qualidade; Sucessão ecológica; Modelos matemáticos; Limnologia; Rio Pomba, Bacia (MG)
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Water resources - Administration; Water - Quality; Ecological succession; Mathematical models; Limnology; Pomba River, Basin (MG)
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3683

Water quality management in Brazil has not been deserving the same prominence given to water quantity management, being these in legal aspects, institutional arrangements, or in the planning and operation of management systems. Thus, the main focus of this research was to contribute, in the ambit of water resources and environment, for the knowing, in mathematical and experimental terms, of water quality and of the capacity of self- purification of Pomba river, using mathematical models as supporting decision-making in the process of planning and management of water resources. It was used the mathematical models of Streeter-Phelps, modified, QUAL-UFMG and QUAL2Kw for evaluating water quality and the capacity of self-purification, both in terms of space and time, of the medium course of Pomba river. The spatial analysis covered the study of water quality along nine sections of monitoring, between the cities of Astolfo Dutra and Cataguases, completing a total distance of 42,8 km, and the time analysis comprised studies in dry and rainy periods, between the months of October of 2008 to January of 2009. In order to better represent the qualitative conditions of the aquatic ecosystems, the models were calibrated and confirmed using, respectively, 16 and 6 parameters of water quality. The study of the capacity of self-purification of Pomba river was made following the results generated by quality models, mainly in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), deoxygenation rate constant (K1) and reaeration (K2). The found results showed that one of the main sources of degradation of water quality of the medium course of the Pomba river refers to the throwing of domestic sewage in both hydrological periods studied, due to the great concentration of organic matter found. During the dry period, the water quality constituent that influenced the most in the degradation of the water of Pomba river was the BOD, presenting concentrations of order of 5 mg L-1, the greatest concentrations were found in the city of Cataguases, with 13 mg L-1. In that city the BOD concentration was above the limit established by the resolution of CONAMA 357/2005, being this water course ranked in class 4. The medium concentration of dissolved oxygen found in the dry period of the year was 5,6 mg L-1. During the rainy period it was found a improvement of water quality in terms of DO (6 mg L-1), but the excess of organic matter (7,3 mg L-1) and the increasing of the concentration of other water quality parameters, as sediments, phosphorus, nitrogen and coliforms, made decrease the satisfactory levels of water quality making it impossible to use these waters for certain activities. The qualitative situation of water sources in this period is not worse just because of the expressive flowing of Pomba river, since it occurs a process of dilution of organic matter and of constituents of the water quality. According to the resolution CONAMA 357/2005, all the studied patch is ranked in class 3. In the patch located between the cities of Astolfo Dutra and Dona Euzébia it was found, in both hydrological conditions, the least capacity of self-purification of effluents, making it necessary to take preventive actions to control the throwing in natura of domestic sewages directly on water flow. The mathematical model that adjusted better to the data of water quality of Pomba river was the QUAK-UFMG, considering both dry and rainy periods. It was verified that the use of mathematical models in the evaluation of water quality and in studies of self- depuration in rivers may constitute an important tool as support in the decision-making in the process of planning, monitoring, and management of water resources.