Efeito de doses de adubo verde em cultivos sucessivos de brócolis, abobrinha e milho

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Diniz, Ellen Rúbia
• Orientador(a): Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
• Banca de defesa: Puiatti, Mário , Freitas, Gilberto Bernardo de , Sediyama, Maria Aparecida Nogueira , Vidigal, Sanzio Mollica
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Crotalaria juncea; Mucuna pruriens; Nitrogênio; Efeito residual; Cucurbita pepo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Crotalaria juncea; Mucuna pruriens; Nitrogen; Residual effects; Cucurbita pepo
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1147

The objective of the research was to study the effect of rates of the green manure velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) on the growth, yield, partition of dry matter and the nitrogen in the plant of broccoli; study the growth and yield of broccoli on rates of the green manure sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) in field conditions and to study the decomposition and mineralization of nitrogen from the green manure and to evaluate the residual effect and rates of green manure. Four experiments were conducted, the first in the greenhouse and the others on the field. Two experiments consisted of four main treatments with rates of 0, 3, 6, 9 t ha-1 of green manure on a dry matter base, with the addition of 12 t ha-1 compost and two control treatments: 100% recommendation of mineral nitrogen and absolute control. The green manure was applied on the transplanting of broccoli and in the first experiment was used velvet bean and the second was used sunnhemp. Along the field experiment was performed another experiment in an annexed area, to study the decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of sunnhemp in the field, the treatments consist of three rates of green manure: 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1 in a dry matter base. For this, the samples of green manure were added to the soil in a defined area and in an amount equal to the amount of green manure and then covered with nylon fabric. The samples were collected at 0, 7, 15, 25, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. The fourth experiment evaluated the residual effect of green manure on the same plots of the second experiment, in sequence of crops: broccoli, zucchini and followed by maize. There was no source of nutrients added in subsequent crops. In a greenhouse, the rate of 9 t ha-1 of green manure showed higher growth of broccoli. There was no effect of treatments and rates on the proportion of nitrogen allocated in different parts of broccoli plants in relation to the total mass allocated in the whole plant. The proportion of nitrogen accumulated in plant parts of broccoli for the whole plant was: stem (15,26%), petioles (5,51%), leaf (38,69%), inflorescence (33,51%) and root (6,84%). Increasing the rate of green manure velvet bean increased broccoli yields. The concentration of nitrogen in plant parts that received rate of green manure was: leaf (2,07%), petiole (0,84%), stem (1,31%) and inflorescence (3,28%). The rate of harvest index in plants that received mineral fertilizer was higher than the harvest index for plants receiving rates of green manure. The mineral fertilization allocates proportionally more mass in the inflorescence. The broccoli yield in pots increased linearly with increasing rates of green manure at the highest rate reaching 276,5 g plant-1. In field conditions, the application of green manure also takes to higher growth of broccoli as the rate increased and also increased the broccoli yield with the largest yield of 344,29 g plant-1 of broccoli at a green manure rate of 9 t ha-1. No effect of rates of green manure on the nitrogen content in the leaves of broccoli plants. The total amount of nitrogen accumulated in the whole plant, leaves and petioles in medium with mineral fertilizer was greater than the amount of nitrogen accumulated in plants grown with green manure. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in the inflorescence of plants grown with 9 t ha-1 green manure was similar to that produced with mineral fertilizers. The highest yield of broccoli was achieved at rate 9 t ha-1 and green manure production was similar with mineral fertilizer. Both of the decomposition of green manure biomass and the mineralization of nitrogen of sunnhemp were not proportional to the applied rates. The nitrogen mineralization was faster than the mineralization of green manure mass. The overall time required for decomposition of 50% of the mass in rates of 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1 was 50, 102 and 119 days and the release of the total quantity of nitrogen was 9, 24 and 32 days respectively. The mass and mineralization of nitrogen was more rapid in the lowest rate and up to 12 days the amount of nitrogen released into the 6 rate was higher than the rate of 9 t ha-1. It was observed residual effect of green manure applied in the cultivation of broccoli in succession of zucchini plants. There was residual effect of nitrogen from green manure in maize production in subsequent zucchini crop in rate of 9 t ha-1, for absolute control.