Seleção genômica ampla em populações derivadas de acasalamento ao acaso ou de autofecundação

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Sánchez, Carlos Felipe Barrera
• Orientador(a): Cruz, Cosme Damião
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Felipe Lopes da , Oliveira, Marciane da Silva
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Simulação; Genômica; Parâmetros genéticos; Melhoramento; Desequilíbrio ligação; Ligação gênica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Simulation; Genomics, Genetic parameters; Improvement; Link imbalance; Genetic linkage
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA QUANTITATIVA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1368

Man depends on plants for their survival, the most economical and sustainable way to increase productivity is by obtaining cultivars with higher yield potential. This is where the plant breeding works, this is usually an activity that can take many years. Therefore, the breeder should try to anticipate future needs and develop methodologies to reduce these long periods. Molecular biology is providing tools that can eliminate these problems and strengthen the selection process, very quickly in obtaining genetic gains with selection and low cost compared with traditional selection based on phenotypic data. The genomic selection has become an important tool in genetic improvement of animals and plants which can provide better accuracies and early selection. The objective of this work was, at first, to study the Linkage disequilibrium (LD) in an F2 population with genetic map previously known and the cause of LD determined by the link factorial. In a second step, we studied another population where LD was determined by mating directed. Were simulated data of individuals and molecular information of F2 populations derived from contrasting homozygous parents. The populations were generated size of 500 individuals and it is considered five linkage groups with three scenarios saturation equivalent to 11, 31 or 51 codominant molecular markers by linkage group. The populations were subjected to five generations of selfing and random mating. For the genome known populations of the species, the type of mating system affected differentially rates disequilibrium between pairs of loci, whereas for populations of unknown origin, the causes of imbalance are not directly related to the link factor and rates are preserved similarly to F2 with successive generations of random mating or selfing. In the second stage of labor were simulated populations with population structure presenting phenotypic and genotypic data of each individual within the population, imitating some of the scenarios where genome wide selection (GWS) is applied. Were considered 1500 locus and population size of 1000 individuals for all generation originated by random mating and selfing. We simulated three features in ixeach feature, the number of loci that controlled the character was established in 500 and heritability 20%, 40% and 60%, based on genotypic and phenotypic values of the people in all generations, parameters were estimated genetic. Besides the parameter estimation, the populations were characterized as the distribution of your data being made normality tests and obtaining coefficients of symmetry and kurtosis in several generations. After all genetic parameters set, were evaluate the correlation of phenotypic values observed with the phenotypic values predicted using markers information and acuáracia selection. The simulation used was effective in preserving the genetic structure of populations and describe its dynamics over successive generations of random mating or selfing, results shows the mating system affects the efficiency of the use of the use of estimates of the effects of the markers in advanced generations.