Seleção precoce e indireta para eficiência no uso de nitrogênio em milho

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Caixeta, Débora Santos
• Orientador(a): Fritsche Neto, Roberto
• Banca de defesa: Oliveira, Aluízio Borém de , Oliveira, Lucimar Rodrigues de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Zea mays; estresse abiótico; Atividade enzimática; Sistema radicular
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Zea mays; abiotic stress; Enzymatic activity; Root system
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4584

The development of maize cultivars with higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be one of the great contributions of plant breeding for sustainable agriculture. Several studies evaluating the nutrient use efficiency in the early stages have been made to accelerate the selection process. However, there are no scientific reports about the ideal stage and what are the characters at each stage that show high relationship with the NUE, at the end of the cycle. Thus, the objective was to identify the phenological stages and the secondary characters that maximize the accuracy in the early and indirect selection for nitrogen use efficiency in maize. Three maize inbred lines were evaluated in completely randomized design with five replications in three way factorial scheme (lines x N levels x phenological stage) in two contrasting nitrogen doses, low and high nitrogen. The plants were evaluated in five growth stages being: nine fully developed leaves (V9), fourteen fully developed leaves (V14), tasseling (VT), flowering (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). In these stages, the plants were evaluated for the following characters: nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), absorption (NAbE), use (NUE) and translocation (NTrE), activity of nitrate reductase (NR, mmoles of NO2 - h-1 g-1 MF), glutamine synthetase activity in shoots (GSa, mmoles of GHD h-1 g-1 MF) and root (GSr, mmoles of GHD h-1 g-1 MF), lateral root length (CRLat, cm) and axial (CRAxi, cm), specific root area (ARe, cm² g-1), chlorophyll content (SPAD, mg cm-2), number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP, cm) , stem diameter (DC, cm), phosphorus content (TP, dag kg-1) and potassium content (TK, dag kg-1). Later, the analyzes of variance (ANOVA) were performed: individual (for each level of N, within each stage), the joint for each stage and the joint general involving all three factors (3 lines x 2 levels of N x 5 phenological stages). Then, in low availability of N, the phenotypic correlations were fractionated through path analysis in direct and indirect effects of characters: CRLat, CRAxi, ARe, NR, GSa, GSr, SPAD, NF, AP, DC, TP, TK, NTrE (explanatory variables) on the character NUE and its components NAbE and NUtE (dependent variables) according to their significance at each stage whose plants were evaluated. Finally, the gains were estimated with the direct (GSd) and indirect selection (GSi) of the explanatory variables on the dependent variables in both levels of N. Considering the estimates of direct and indirect gains under NAbE at R6 stage, it is concluded that the activities of glutamine synthetase, at stages V9 and V14, allow the indirect early selection for nitrogen use efficiency in maize under conditions of low and high availability of N, respectively.