Dinâmica de plantas daninhas sob o uso frequente de glyphosate em cultivos de eucalipto

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Santos Júnior, Antônio dos
• Orientador(a): Ferreira, Francisco Affonso
• Banca de defesa: Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco de , Sediyama, Carlos Sigueyuki
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Deriva; Fitossociologia; Herbicida
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Drift; Phytosociology; Herbicide
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4616

Weed management in homogeneous forests of eucalyptus involves among other factors the knowledge of the flora in the understory and its interaction with the disturbances in the middle, as well as the possible impacts of chemical control of these over the culture. Given the importance of the study of ecology of weeds and the impact of chemical management about the eucalyptus, three essays in order to assess: the behavior of the weed flora in eucalyptus plantations cultivated in three reliefs before and after the forest fire; behavior of weed community in three reliefs cultivated with eucalyptus subjected to repetitive use of glyphosate; and the effects of simulated glyphosate drift on eucalyptus plants depending on the age of the population. Eight evaluations were carried out phytosociologic over the cycle of development of eucalyptus in the areas of study in 30 permanent plots distributed in three reliefs: lowland, slope and top of hill, however, in the experiment where the understory vegetation was burned was held six assessments pre-fire and two post. In the simulated drift test was observed survival percentage increment in diameter at breast height (DBH), total height of the plant and in wood volume. The forest fire has altered dramatically the floristic composition favoring species more adapted to disturbed areas as the families Poaceae, Rubiaceae. Relief influenced in the presence of determined species such as Commelina benghalensis, Digitaria insulares, Richardia brasiliensis and Spermacoce latifolia, tolerant to glyphosate and due to the clear preference of the last two, for old soils as slope and top of hill. On the other hand, reducing the increments in DBH, height, and volume of wood, was proportional to the increase in leaf area in contact with glyphosate in smaller plants, which influenced on survival rate and plant stand with 90 days. In the population with 180 days, though showing reduction in increments, not death of the eucalyptus was observed. In plantations with 360 days, the eucalyptus was indifferent to the increase in area exposed to drift. The dynamics of weeds is influenced by environmental disturbances, whether by forest fire or repetitive use of the same herbicide, favoring species tolerant and in high densities in relief role. The drift may result in drastic reductions in growth and wood accumulation in young plantations, while most crops developed, with 360 days of planting, do not exhibit changes in their productivity.