Heteromorfismo cromossômico em populações de Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Teleostei: Cichlidae) da bacia do Rio Doce, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Ana Paula Alves
• Orientador(a): Santos, Jorge Abdala Dergam dos
• Banca de defesa: Feio, Renato Neves , Giudice, Gisele Mendes Lessa Del
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Heteromorfismo; Rearranjos cromossômicos; Catraca de muller; Seleção de fundo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Heteromorphism; Chromosomal rearrangements; Ratchet muller; Selection Fund
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4773

Karyological analysis of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) was performed on 81 specimens from six localities, three geologically recent lakes and three stream collection sites. Techniques included conventional staining with Giemsa, NOR banding, C-banding and in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA and 18s rDNA probes. The diploid number was 2n = 48 chromosomes, and fundamental number varied between 50-52. We observed four different karyotypes, based on heteromorphisms presented by the first chromosome pair and were not related to sex, NOR location or collection site. This heteromorphism is related to differences in the ratio arms, which led to variations in the karyotypic formulae (3sm +18 st +26 t; 2sm +20 st +26 t; 4sm +18 st +26 t). This heteromorphism may be related to chromosome rearrangements, such as pericentromeric inversions, deletions, and unequal crossing-over, which together with other processes, such as Muller s ratchet, background selection and dosage compensation caused size alterations in some chromosomes. The number of NORs varied within and between specimens, however most individuals had NOR bands in more than one chromosome pair, a distinctive feature of the Doce River populations. The 18S rDNA probe confirmed the presence of NORs in more than two chromosomes. The location of the 5S rDNA probe remained conserved in all samples, marking a pair of chromosomes. The heterochromatin blocks occurred predominantly in the centromeric / pericentromeric chromosomes, and this a characteristic of the Cichlidae family. Heterochromatin blocks in interstitial regions were observed in two pairs of chromosomes. The presence of two subtelocentric chromosomes, with fully heterochromatic small arms is a diagnostic feature of the populations of the Doce River Basin. We conclude that the populations of G. brasiliensis of the Rio Doce Basin present unique characteristics, as evidenced by four configurations of the first pair of chromosomes and different results obtained by banding techniques. Results suggest differential viability of the chromosomal variations described in this study.