Efeito de um produto a base de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) na modulação da constipação intestinal

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Sant'anna, Mônica de Souza Lima
• Orientador(a): Ferreira, Célia Lúcia de Luces Fortes
• Banca de defesa: Viana, Mirelle Lomar , Pirozi, Mônica Ribeiro , Rosa, Carla de Oliveira Barbosa
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Departamento: Ciência de Alimentos; Tecnologia de Alimentos; Engenharia de Alimentos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Yacon; Constipação intestinal; Prebiótico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Yacon; Intestinal constipation; Prebiotic
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/478

The yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a root from the region of the Andes, mainly composed of water (85-90% of the fresh weight) and carbohydrate (90% of dry matter), most of which are represented by fructooligossacarideos (FOS) and inulin is then considered a prebiotic food. FOS and inulin act improving the intestinal microbiota and metabolites produced by this beneficial microbiota positively act on intestinal motility. Intestinal constipation is a condition that affects approximately 16% of the world population and many of the existing therapies for the increased number of bowel movements have no effect on at least one third of patients. Accordingly this study was to evaluate a product based on yacon (PBY) on modulating of intestinal constipation. Two experiments were conducted, one biological and one clinical. The biological study evaluated the effect of the PBY in 32 rats divided into different treatment groups: control, control constipated, PBY and PBY constipated. Constipation was induced by loperamide 5 days before the experiment. The animals received the PBY diluted in deionized water by gavage for 28 days. The dose was 0.14 g FOS / inulin / kg body weight. We assessed fecal score, weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, weight of the cecum, the cecum relative weight, pH and different microbial groups in cecal contents and feces, cecal histology and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the cecal contents. In the clinical study 48 individuals (adults and seniors) with a diagnosis of constipation by Rome III were divided into two intervention groups. The test group received 52g of PBY diluted in 448 ml of orange juice, providing a daily dose of 10g Fos / inulin. The control group received 25g of maltodextrin diluted in 475 mL of orange juice. The volunteers received weekly orange juice and were instructed to consume the juice at home twice a day. Clinical intervention was performed for 30 days. We evaluated the following variables: weight, height, body mass index (BMI) scale Bristol, Agachan score, number of bowel movements before and after the intervention, abdominal symptoms, quantification of different microbial groups, fecal pH, lactate and SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate). In animal studies it was found that faecal score after induction of constipation, showed that this method was suitable where constipated most animals had stool very hard and dried with dried pellets and small. xv After 28 days the PBY was effective in improving fecal score in the group that presented PBYC score of 3 means that stools soft, well-formed, damp, with format preserved. In relation to animal weight, weight gain, feed intake, CEA and the cecal pH content there was no statistically significant difference between groups. But when comparing the groups with their controls the PBYC group presented a significantly lower weight gain than the CC. The total faecal pH was statistically higher in CC and PBY compared to group C. The cecal weight was lower (p <0.05) in group PBY. The relative weight of the cecum was statistically lower in group PBYC than in groups C and PBY, but compared to their control there was no significant difference. There was a significant reduction (p <0.05) of Bacteroides in feces the animals of group PBY. A higher concentration of butyrate was found in the group PBY. The width and height of the villi cecal the PBYC group were higher. Regarding the clinical study found an increase in the number of evacuations after consumption of PBY as well as improvement in stool consistency score and decrease in constipation. The test group showed higher counts of Bifidobacterium, lower count Clostriudium, Enterobacterium and lower fecal pH after 30 days of intervention. Regarding SCFA was not found important reductions before and after intervention. However, concentration lactate was higher in the test group compared to control post-treatment. The yacon like a source of prebiotic compounds is considered a functional food. Functional foods should be consumed in order to decrease the risk of developing chronic diseases not transmissive thus acting preventively. This study evaluated the effect of the PBY therapy on the form as of intestinal constipation, however this food can also be used to prevent the onset of this disease.