Silagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com aditivos químicos e microbianos: composição química e desempenho de vacas em lactação

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Cardoso, Lucas Ladeira
• Orientador(a): Ribeiro, Karina Guimarães
• Banca de defesa: Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos , Valadares, Rilene Ferreira Diniz
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bromatologia; Consumo; Leite; Microbiologia; Perfil fermentativo; Perdas de matéria seca
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Food Science; Consumption; Milk; Microbiology; Fermentation profile; Dry matter losses
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA::AVALIACAO, PRODUCAO E CONSERVACAO DE FORRAGENS
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5806

This study was conducted based on two experiments. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, the population of microorganisms, fermentation pattern and dry matter recovery of the following treatments: 1- Silage cane sugar; 2- Silage cane sugar with Lactobacillus buchneri, 3- Silage cane sugar with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus; 4- Silage cane sugar with Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Lactobacillus plantarum; 5- Silage cane sugar with 0.5% lime (CaO); 6- Silage cane sugar with 1.0% lime (CaO); 7- Silage cane sugar with 0.5% urea, 8- Silage cane sugar with 1.0% urea. We used completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replications, totaling 32 experimental units. The sugar cane was chopped and ensiled in 20 kg buckets containing Bunsen valves, open 180 days after ensiling. It was found that the sugar cane treated with urea markedly increased the protein levels and reduced levels of NIDA in silage, however, the concentration of nitrogen ammonia were also increased. The other additives provided no beneficial effects on silage composition, except the lime 0.5%, which reduced the NDF. The 0.5% lime produced higher lactic acid in silage. None of the additives was effective in increasing the population of lactic acid bacteria and decrease the population of yeast, like, did not benefit the recovery of dry matter or organic acid profile in relation to silage cane sugar without additives. The addition of 1% lime increased the yields of propionic acid and butyric acid. The inoculation Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici increased the ethanol content. Based on these results, it was observed that the silage is showed adequate fermentation profile, low population of yeast and high concentrations of ethanol and dry matter recovery. In experiment 2 was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, concentration of urea in blood plasma, the excretion of urea in urine, microbial efficiency, the average daily weight gain, yield and composition of milk from Holstein cows fed sugar cane sugar fresh, corn silage and cane sugar silages treated or not with microbial inoculants. The diets contained the following bulky: Corn silage, Sugarcane fresh; Silage cane sugar; Silage cane sugar with Lactobacillus buchneri and Silage of cane sugar with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Were used fifteen Holstein cows, allocated to individual pens and arranged in randomized block design, adopting milk production as factor of local control with three replications. Isonitrogenous diets were formulated to meet the requirements of lactating cows to produce 27 kg/day, whereas consumption was ad libitum and calculated to allow plenty of 10%. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5 % probability , using the SAS program. It was found that the intake of DM , OM, NDF and NFC did not differ (P>0.05). The CP intake was higher (P>0.05) for diets containing silages cane sugar, the TDN intake was higher (P>0.05) in the diet based on corn silage. The diet with corn silage had a higher value (P>0.05) digestibility of DM and OM compared to diets with silage cane sugar. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. The digestibility of NDF in the diet based on corn silage was higher (P<0.05) than the other diets and silage cane sugar with Lactobacillus buchneri submitted the lowest. Among the diets had a lower (P<0.05) digestibility of NFC for diets containing cane sugar, compared to corn silage, being higher for silage cane sugar with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. With respect to production parameters, no differences (P<0.05) were observed between diets for milk production, milk production corrected to 4% fat, milk fat, milk lactose and total solids, and found that there was less milk production (P <0.05) for treatment SC in relation to others, and higher crude protein content in milk (P<0.05) for the diet with cane sugar and less fresh content for silage diet with cane sugar treated with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. There was difference between diets (P<0.05) concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , and the diet of silage cane sugar made superior value to the other diets , while the cane sugar was detected in natura lower value compared to others. With respect to nitrogen urea urine (NUU) and microbial efficiency (EFMIC), it was found not to have been no difference between diets (P>0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. It was concluded that diets with 60% concentrate added to sugar cane silage may allow cows to withstand average production of 25.8 kg / day of milk, similarly to other bulky sources traditionally used as silage corn and sugar cane fresh.